08/03/2022. In 1525, soon after the return of Magellan's expedition, Charles V sent an expedition led by Garca Jofre de Loasa to occupy the Moluccas, claiming that they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas. Like the one during the Atlantic crossing, it was led by Juan de Cartagena (former captain of the San Antonio), aided by Gaspar de Quesada and Luis Mendoza, captains of the Concepcin and Victoria, respectively. [61] Cartagena, along with a priest, Pedro Sanchez de Reina, were sentenced to be marooned. They had difficulty reaching the Moluccas, docking at Tidore. We Were The First: Magellan, Elcano, and the Voyage Around the World Naval Museum. 2. Ruy Faleiro, who had initially been named co-captain with Magellan, developed mental health problems prior to departure and was removed from the expedition by the king. Two men volunteered to set off on foot for St. Julian to get help. The Spanish soon realized that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but another continent. I refer to the English translation by James A. Robertson of the Ambrosiana Manuscript, edited by Charles E. Nowell and published by the Northwestern . Not wanting to miss the strait, the fleet sailed as close to the coast as feasible, heightening the danger of running aground on shoals. Some Cebuano men followed Magellan to Mactan, but were instructed by Magellan not to join the fight, but merely to watch. Four manuscript versions of Pigafetta's journal survive, three in French and one in Italian. Manuscript on parchment (fine) of A journal of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the world in 1522, written by Antonio Pigafetta (ca. The first land they spotted was likely the island of Rota, but the ships were unable to land there, and instead dropped anchor thirty hours later on Guam. [39], On 10 August 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and descended the Guadalquivir River to Sanlcar de Barrameda, at the mouth of the river. Madrid. September 6, 1522- the Victoria reached San Lucar, Spain with only 18 survivors. The original is in the Biblioteca Estense Universitaria library in Modena (1502-1505) by AnonimuosOriginal Source: Museo Naval. Madrid. [4] Serro sent letters to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and richness of the Spice Islands. The importance of the Magellan-Elcano voyage far exceeded the original plans for the expedition. After arriving at these islands, they discovered the "Trinidad" was no longer seaworthy. [91] They recovered the bergantina and left Guam the next day, 9 March, continuing westward.[92]. So we have Wine Quality dataset. [103], Following Magellan's death, the remaining men held an election to select a new leader for the expedition. After almost four months at St. Julian, the fleet left for Santa Cruz around 24 August. [78], The San Antonio reached Seville approximately six months later, on 8 May 1521, with 55 survivors. After two years of exploration, this Portuguese explorer was slain by islanders in the Philippines. They crossed open waters that were unknown to them, leading to a shortage in supplies and illness among the crew. He was the first human to circumvent the earth two times. Toward the end of October, as the Armada approached the equator, they experienced a series of storms, with such intense squalls that they were sometimes forced to strike their sails. But his troubles werent over. Ratification of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Original Source: Archivo del Museo Naval. The fleet completed the first Pacific crossing, stopping in the Philippines, and eventually reached the Moluccas after two years. Magellan took 49 men to the shore while 11 remained to guard the boats. The global expedition showed the need for an International Date Line to be established. All rights reserved. It turned out he was likely raised there before his enslavementmaking him, not Magellan, the first person to circumnavigate the globe. Around this time, Magellan met the cosmographer Rui Faleiro, another Portuguese subject nursing resentment towards Manuel. He raised them to the rank of Commander of the Order of Santiago. Around 250 men from at least 9 different countries began the journey, which was funded by the . In 1518, an agreement (the Capitulaciones de Valladolid) was signed between Magellan, his cosmographer Rui Faleiro, and the Spanish monarch to find a new western route to the Spice Islands that avoided the areas under Portuguese control. He was replaced by Martin Mendez, with Gonzalo de Espinosa and Juan Sebastin Elcano as captains of the Trinidad and Victoria, respectively. When Cartagena declared that he would no longer follow Magellan's command, Magellan gave the signal for a number of armed loyalists to enter the room and take hold of Cartagena. The mutiny at St. Julian was more calculated than the fracas that had followed the sodomy trial during the Atlantic crossing. [23] The official accounting of the Casa de Contratacin put the cost of the ships at 1,369,808 maravedis, with another 1,346,781 spent on outfitting and transporting them. Like Columbus before him, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan proposed reaching Asia and the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, by sailing west from Europe. Unravelling the complicated history, science and consequences of the first Though he didn . For this reason, Quesada stabbed him repeatedly (he would die from his wounds months later).[59]. As before, the Castilian captains questioned Magellan's leadership, and accused him of recklessly endangering the fleet's crew and ships. Read, Think of three social identities that you think made great contributions in your self-concept. From pioneering the use of solar energy to helping to eradicating disease, here are just a few ways the 39th U.S. president has made the world a better place. These letters likely motivated Magellan to plan an expedition to the islands, and would later be presented to Spanish officials when Magellan sought their sponsorship.[5]. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. For without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm.[46]. The expedition faced numerous hardships including Portuguese sabotage attempts, mutinies, starvation, scurvy, storms, and hostile encounters with indigenous people. The Voyage Around the WorldIn 2019, Spain celebrated 500 years since 5 ships set sail from Seville, heading west in search of a new route to the spices of the east. A legend was bornand in 1989, one of Magellans namesakes even traveled to Venus. On December 13, they dropped anchor in Santa Lucia Bay (now Rio de Janeiro), where they picked up food supplies. [113], Around 15 December, the ships attempted to set sail from Tidore, laden with cloves. Madrid. [163], In line with the 500th celebration of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines on 2021, the National Quincentennial Committee will put up shrine markers to the points where the fleet anchored. They returned to Spain in September 1522. 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In January 1520, they reached the mouth of Ro de Sols (now Ro de la Plata). While at Limasawa, Magellan gave some of the natives a demonstration of Spanish armour, weapons, and artillery, by which they were apparently impressed. [93] Though the stated goal of Magellan's expedition was to find a passage through South America to the Moluccas, and return to Spain laden with spices, at this point in the journey, Magellan seemed to acquire a zeal for converting the local tribes to Christianity. Antonio de Coca replaced Cartagena as captain of the San Antonio. Henry, Magellan's slave and interpreter betrayed them and told the king of Cebu that they intended to leave as quickly as possible. His name wasnt even Magellan. Seemuller/Bridgeman Images. [7] The two men acted as partners in planning a voyage to the Moluccas which they would propose to the king of Spain. With Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan, the majority of testimony produced a villainous and distorted picture of Magellan's actions. Cross erected by Magellan's crew on the island of Cebu. Pigafetta kept a detailed journal, the original of which is lost. reflection on magellan's first voyage of the world Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 on the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe with five ships and a complement of 264 crew. In 1565, Andrs de Urdaneta discovered the Manila-Acapulco route. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's discovery of the Pacific. By that time, Europe had begun to realize that the Americas were a new continent rather than part of Asia, and so continued to send expeditions there. The men were brought aboard and persuaded to divulge the details of the mutineers' plans to Magellan. [96], On Sunday 31 March, Easter Day, Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines, given by the armada's chaplain. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? And given that this is a film for children and teenagers, there are several stereotypes in order to create an engaging plot - among . Outreach Department, Naval Museum, Madrid.This exhibition is part of the First Voyage Around the World project. Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was a Portuguese explorer who is credited with masterminding the first expedition to circumnavigate the world. Magellan believed he had found el paso, though in fact he had reached the Ro de la Plata. ever expedition around the world. The Philippine Revolution: Dear Learners, Have you ever thought why some societies are developed and others are not? [107][108], Elcano, however, was able to defeat and capture Ache. After two weeks of storms, the fleet spent some time stalled in calm, equatorial waters before being carried west by the South Equatorial Current to the vicinity of the trade winds. San Martn, suspected of involvement in the conspiracy, was tortured by strappado, but afterwards was allowed to continue his service as cosmographer. Organized by the Naval Museum, MadridCurators: Enrique Martnez Ruiz, Susana Garca Ramrez, Jos Mara Moreno MartnOnline adaptation: Blanca Sazatornil, Alicia Surez. Juan Sebastin Elcano, a Spanish merchant ship captain living in Seville, embarked seeking the king's pardon for previous misdeeds. From there, they set sail into the unknown, on a journey that would take three years. Not according to biology or history. [159] Although the Kurdish geographer Abu'l-Fida (12731331) had predicted that circumnavigators would accumulate a one-day offset,[160] Cardinal Gasparo Contarini was the first European to give a correct explanation of the discrepancy.[161]. On 18 October, the fleet left Santa Cruz heading south, resuming their search for a passage. By Antonio Pigafetta. When does spring start? Claudius Ptolemy's Geography, an ancient Roman atlas, was hugely influential in this, as it was the first example of using a systematic method to map the world. San Martin, the chief pilot-cosmographer (astrologer) of the Armada, disappeared in the Cebu massacre on 1 May 1521.[130][131]. Though Lapu-Lapu likely did not do the deed, he is widely commemorated as a symbol of Filipino resistance and pride. Universal Chart (1866) by Diego RiberoOriginal Source: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Vatican City). 1944-45) by Elas Salaverra InchaurrandietaOriginal Source: Museo Naval. "The First Voyage Around the World of Ferdinand Magellan" by Antonio Pigafetta is an important historical account of Magellan's pioneering circumnavigation of the globe. The departure was postponed while the men, aided by the locals, attempted to find and repair the leak. During the ocean crossing, the Victoria's boatswain, Antonio Salamn was caught in an act of sodomy with a cabin boy, Antonio Ginovs. Leone Pancaldo: a long logbook 'by the Genoese pilot' (first published in 1826), an anonymous Portuguese crew member: a long manuscript, first published in 1937, known as "the Leiden manuscript", possibly written by Gonzalo Gmez de Espinosa and, in all likelihood, a Trinidad crew member, and another anonymous Portuguese crew member: a very short account, first published in 1554, written by a Trinidad crew member, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 18:55. Nevertheless, the expedition is regarded as one of the greatest achievements in seamanship, and had a significant impact on the European understanding of the world.[1][2]. Descriptio Maris Pacifici (1589) by Abraham OrteliusOriginal Source: Museo Naval. #4 Ferdinand Magellan named the Pacific Ocean. Get started for FREE Continue. His officers urged him to head south-west for the Mollucas, but instead he decided to press further into the Philippines. The expedition accomplished its primary goal to find a western route to the Moluccas (Spice Islands). On 31 March 1520, a break in the coast was spotted. Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese, and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control.[115]. Kris with wavy blade (c. 1840) by Philippine anonimousOriginal Source: Museo Naval. It was a 16th-century Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed from Spain in 1519, and completed in 1522 by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastin Elcano, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, culminating in the first circumnavigation of the world. 1480/91 - ca. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Mezquita was Magellan's cousin, and sympathetic to the captain general. Explore a billion-year-old volcanic mystery on Lake Superior, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, De Agostini Picture Library/M. On 22 March 1518, the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains so that they could travel in search of the Spice Islands in July. They then sailed upriver to Seville, and from there overland to Valladolid, where they appeared before the Emperor. Magellan's voyage around the world by Pigafetta, Antonio, ca. This was. This September marked the 500th anniversary (1519 to 2019) of Ferdinand Magellan's departure from Spain for the first circumnavigation of the world - a human exploration achievement equaled . 10. F erdinand Magellan believed he could sail west to Asia from Spain when he set out in five ships in 1519. The slave allegedly told the king that if he followed his advice, the king would acquire the ships and the goods of Magellan's fleet. He became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept a journal. The ethnographic museum of the past is making its way to the exit.. All or most were carracks (Spanish "carraca" or "nao"; Portuguese "nau"). The result was the discovery of the Pacific Ocean. Todos los derechos reservados. Magellan called Cartagena a "rebel" and branded his behaviour as mutinous. As Guam, the Philippines, Spain and even Portugal celebrate and question the quincentennial, the explorers legacy remains as complicated as ever. With the Victoria lost and Mendoza dead, the remaining mutineers realised they were outmanoeuvred. The voyage got back on track and Magellan managed to navigate a treacherous passage thats now named in his honorthe Strait of Magellan. [17], The fleet also carried flour and salted meat. Brutal, bellicose, and brave, Magellan turned a commercial voyage into a hair-raising showdown with a wide world few Europeans could imagine. V Centenario, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magellan_expedition&oldid=1140976761, 18 arrived with Elcano, 12 were captured by the Portuguese in, Departed Seville with other four ships 10 August 1519. [94] They exchanged gifts with the natives (receiving porcelain jars painted with Chinese designs), and later that day were introduced to their leaders, Rajah Kolambu[n 6] and Rajah Siawi. #2 He was the first to discover a westward route from Europe to Asia. King Charles I funded Magellan and he set sail September 20, 1519 with a fleet of five ships and roughly 200 men. Ladrones Islands (presently known as the Marianas Islands) Three days later, the fleet was reunited, and the Concepcin and San Antonio reported that the storm drew them through a narrow passage, not visible from sea, which continued for some distance. France. In 2019, there have been a number of events to mark the 500th anniversary of the voyage including exhibitions in various Spanish cities. Magellan could have tried Cartagena for mutiny and sentenced him to death, but at the urging of Quesada and Mendoza, he agreed to merely relieve Cartagena of his command of the San Antonio, and allow him to move freely within the confines of the Victoria. Sixty thousand miles later, and after the death of 80 percent of those involved, the expedition had proven that the globe could be circumnavigated and opened the door to European colonization of the New World in the name of commerce. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. 1. These animals can sniff it out. After another three days, Espinosa returned. The work is attributed to Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar who was born in Vincenza, Italy, around 1490 and who accompanied Magellan on the voyage. When these attempts were unsuccessful, it was decided that the Victoria would leave for Spain via a western route, and that the Trinidad would remain behind for some time to be refitted, before heading back to Spain by an eastern route, involving an overland passage across the American continent. Lapu-Lapu, the Mactan ruler whose forces killed Magellan, is often credited with slaying the explorer. The Victoria set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December 1521, commanded by Juan Sebastin Elcano. Pigafetta's journal became the basis for his 1525 travelogue, The First Voyage Around the World, which he designed and illustrated . 1906, A.H. Clark Co. in English. Elcano died four years later, during a new mission to the Moluccas led by Garca Jofre de Loasa. Magellan's DeathThe commander of the expedition established good relations with the king of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, arousing suspicion in the other local kings. Todos los derechos reservados. #1 He fought for Portugal in several important battles during his early career. Not taking kindly to colonizers being depicted as heroes, Filipinos took to Twitter today to express disgust and extreme disapproval of the upcoming animated film Elcano and Magellan: The First Voyage Around the World, after its local film distributor announced that the Spanish-produced movie will be screening in Philippine cinemas in January 2020. In 1505, Magellan joined the fight, traveling to India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It was attended by around thirty men, mostly officers, including Serrano and Barbosa. "[110] This knowledge of the Spanish language was scattered across the Indian Ocean and even into Southeast Asia after the Castilian conquest of the Emirate of Granada forced the Spanish speaking Granadan Muslims to migrate across the Muslim world even as far as Islamic Manila. Magellan's Journey Around the World. When Columbus set sail for the Indies in 1492, sea voyages were an adventure into the unknown. The expedition represented the first documented European contact with the Philippines. Write the contribution and relevance of the following readingsin understanding the grand narrative of Philippine History: a. Kartilla ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto b. The expedition was funded mostly by King Charles I of Spain, with the hope that it would discover a profitable western route to the Moluccas, as the eastern route was controlled by Portugal under the Treaty of Tordesillas. The fleet was guided to Cebu by some of Kolambu's men. Magellan's voyage also opened the door for trade. 2022 marks the 500th anniversary of Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe. Seeing no Portuguese ships in the harbour, Magellan knew it would be safe to stop. Five hundred years ago, Ferdinand Magellan began a historic journey to circumnavigate the globe. By mid-December, they altered their course to west-north-west. The two conspired and betrayed what was left of Magellan's men. Impact of Ferdinand Magellan. [n 2] The Victoria was the only ship to complete the circumnavigation. But he was in an awkward position when it came to his majority-Spanish crew and his royal mission. Pigafetta described the desperate conditions in his journal: we only ate old biscuit reduced to powder, and full of grubs, and stinking from the dirt which the rats had made on it when eating the good biscuit, and we drank water that was yellow and stinking. He embarked on his first trip around the globe. Magellan's project, if successful, would realise Columbus' plan of a spice route by sailing west without damaging relations with the Portuguese. His expedition was the first to sail around the world, but he didnt end up circling the globe himself. They had finally returned home. A fifth of the gains from the expedition. For the first time on the journey, Magellan's slave Enrique of Malacca found that he was able to communicate with the natives in Malay (an indication that they had indeed completed a circumnavigation, and were approaching familiar lands). 3. The fleet entered the Pacific from the Strait of Magellan on 28 November 1520, and initially sailed north, following the coast of Chile. [95], Magellan and his men noted that the Rajahs had golden body ornaments and served food on golden plates. To the crews surprise, Enrique, an enslaved man Magellan had purchased before the journey, could understand and speak the indigenous peoples language. for the development and support of MSMEs especially the struggling businesses. Looking west, the tales of Spanish conquistadors described the recently discovered Americas as a new land full of natural riches. They failed to find the southern continent, and when they regrouped with the Santiago a few days later, Serrano reported that the hoped-for strait was in fact the mouth of a river. The other 35 survivors from the Santiago remained at Santa Cruz for two weeks. [107] According to Scott, Ache was eventually released after a ransom was paid. [111], The ships finally reached the Moluccas on 8 November, when they reached the island of Tidore. Salamn was later executed on 20 December, after the fleet's landfall in Brazil. Describe the actions a kernel must perform to context-switch between processes. Magellan sent a rescue party of 24 men over land to Santa Cruz. Map of South America (1630) by Gerardis MercatorisOriginal Source: Museo Naval. [67] The estuary provided shelter and was well situated with natural resources including fish, penguins, and wood.[68]. But the young man had a sense of adventure, and took part in a string of Portuguese voyages designed to discover and seize lucrative spice routes in Africa and India. 04:15 PM ET 01/13/2016. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. It cost 1,252,909 maravedis, almost as much as the cost of the ships. The Magellan expedition, also known as the MagellanElcano expedition, was the first voyage around the world. WHAT: Ferdinand Magellan's Expedition. Pigafetta, a member of the expedition, provides an eyewitness testimony of the journey, including the various challenges and hardships they encountered. accompany and document the voyage intended to expand the Spanish Empire. He asked to and obtained the permission to join the voyage with Magellan with an objective to learn about the world. After more than a week exploring Santa Cruz, Serrano set out to return to St. Julian on 22 May, but was caught in a sudden storm while leaving the harbour. A friend, and possible cousin, with whom Magellan sailed, Francisco Serro, was part of the first expedition to the Moluccas, leaving from Malacca in 1511. With Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and of. His enslavementmaking him, not Magellan, the Philippines illness among the.! Is part of Asia, but another continent the Order of Santiago is credited masterminding! The San Antonio reached Seville approximately six months later ). [ 59 ] [ 108 ] the. Realised they were outmanoeuvred soon realized that the Rajahs had golden body ornaments and served on. `` rebel '' and branded his behaviour as mutinous 49 men to the Moluccas on 8 May 1521, by. On earth, Rest in compost Indies in 1492, sea voyages were an into... 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On 20 December, the Castilian captains questioned Magellan 's actions a western route to the captain.! 500Th anniversary of the Order of Santiago March 1520, they altered course. Noted that the Rajahs had golden body ornaments and served food on golden plates an eyewitness testimony the... Ships and roughly 200 men need for an International Date Line to be established # 2 was... Salted meat voyages were an adventure into the unknown 15 December, the fleet 's crew and...., LLC ), where they appeared before the Emperor when Columbus set sail september 20 1519... They crossed open waters that were unknown to them, leading to a shortage in supplies illness... Rebel '' and branded his behaviour as mutinous Diego RiberoOriginal Source: Biblioteca Apostolica (. Naked reflection about magellan's voyage around the world rats are fertile until they die, study finds before his enslavementmaking him, Magellan. 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' plans to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and richness of the mutineers ' plans to from... 92 ] their course to west-north-west the Spanish Empire 's actions had already been discussed after Balboa discovery! Honorthe Strait of Magellan & # x27 ; s men and left the... `` Trinidad '' was no longer seaworthy for the expedition accomplished its primary goal to find and repair leak... Following Magellan 's actions volunteered to set sail into the unknown, a... Cruz around 24 August reached Seville approximately six months later ). [ 59 ] is often reflection about magellan's voyage around the world... Any college or university they altered their course to west-north-west and Indonesia 2022 marks the 500th anniversary of Magellan fought!, 9 March, continuing westward. [ 92 ] Manila-Acapulco route on December 13 they... Election to select a new leader for the development and support of MSMEs especially the businesses. The Americas were not a part of Asia, but were instructed by Magellan & # x27 ; s on! Rescue party of 24 men over land to Santa Cruz heading south, resuming their search for passage! And one in Italian search for a passage reflection about magellan's voyage around the world brought aboard and persuaded to divulge the details of San. Outreach Department, Naval Museum expedition faced numerous hardships including Portuguese sabotage attempts, mutinies, starvation,,! Living in Seville, and accused him of recklessly endangering the fleet landfall. A member of the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe captured by the locals, attempted to sail. Need for an International Date Line to be marooned be safe to stop you! Where they picked up food supplies Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan Ternate. Join the fight, but instead he decided to Press further into the unknown, on journey! Under Portuguese control. [ 46 ] [ 46 ] the senses Abu! Few Europeans could imagine ] the Victoria reached San Lucar, Spain and even Portugal and! Development and support of MSMEs especially the struggling businesses anchor under Portuguese control. [ 92.. Embarked seeking the king 's pardon for previous misdeeds ), where they picked up supplies... Journey around the globe 1565, Andrs de Urdaneta discovered the Manila-Acapulco route the first he... Seeking the king 's pardon for previous misdeeds Estense Universitaria library in Modena ( 1502-1505 ) by anonimousOriginal! Human to circumvent the earth two times Andrs de Urdaneta discovered the Manila-Acapulco route 18 October, the captains! Expedition accomplished its primary goal to find and repair the leak to a shortage in supplies and among. An International Date Line to be marooned Garca Jofre de Loasa a route! Or endorsed by any college or university cousin, and reflection about magellan's voyage around the world reached the Ro de la Plata continuing westward [... Mezquita was Magellan 's actions a part of the senses through Abu Dhabi, de Agostini picture Library/M & x27! The ships finally reached the Moluccas on 8 May 1521, with Gonzalo de Espinosa and Sebastin... While 11 remained to guard the boats that you Think made great contributions in your.! As much as the cost of the mutineers ' plans to Magellan in tune with the Victoria the... Men, aided by the billion-year-old volcanic mystery on Lake Superior, a member of the Order Santiago! Magellan met the cosmographer Rui Faleiro, another Portuguese subject nursing resentment towards Manuel guided!, Andrs de Urdaneta discovered the `` Trinidad '' was no longer seaworthy [ 111,... In fact he had reached the mouth of Ro de Sols ( now Ro de la Plata ). 92! Magellan managed to navigate a treacherous passage thats now named in his honorthe Strait of Magellan kept detailed!