[13] See Seventy Years Ago: Colonel Sidney F. Mashbir and the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), September-October 1942.. Report No. The Z Plan [issued as Admiral Kogas Combined Fleet Secret Operations Order No. Many were translations from the Dutch language, or dealt with forestry, the climate, insects, etc. Some of the research reports dealt with military and naval matters, such as No. [48][55], According to historian Stanley Kirby, the collapse of Japanese resistance was due to a lack of preparedness, changes in the command structure and a lack of combat troops; many of the 11,000 men based there were administrative and support units. During the period of October 1942-July 1943, the work of indexing, abstracting and collating information from captured documents and prisoners of war, answering internal queries, and providing information to assist translators and examiners, was carried on by a staff consisting of six officers and ten enlisted personnel. Classes began November 1, 1941, with four instructors and 60 students in an abandoned airplane hangar at Crissy Field. The timing of the landings at Hollandia were moved back to 22 April at around this time due to logistical problems and the Pacific Fleet's other commitments, and it was decided to conduct the landing at Aitape simultaneously with the main assault. 4, Bibliographic Index used for all ATIS publications; No. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, the leaders of the Allied nations agreed to this change in strategy focusing on neutralizing Rabaul rather than capturing it.[50]. The U.S. 24th Division's 19th and 21st Regimental Combat Teams (RCTs) were to land at Tanahmerah Bay. Through this, a complete picture of the organization, strength and disposition of this force was gleaned. ATIS Inventories were also prepared. Fortunately, one American officer wrote in 1944, the enemy as a nation is addicted to keeping diaries, and converting everything into writing.. The PTs turned their guns on, and hurled depth charges at the three boats which, with over a hundred men on board, sank. 2, Alphabetical List of 40,000 Japanese Army Officer (May 1943); No. The fires around White 1 continued until 27 April when the engineers were released to return to the beach. To ensure that all involved in captured records activities had an appreciation for records and information, the Allied Translation and Interpreter Section (ATIS) (Southwest Pacific Area [SWPA]) published, at the specific direction of the War Department, Publication No. At Anguar Island in the Western Carolinas in early September 1944, agents from the 81st CIC Detachment, with the 81st Infantry Division, captured a large volume of records, including blueprints, books, miscellaneous documents, files, 40 pounds of mail, and Japanese currency and coins. Except for some fairly heavy air raids, the Japanese reacted feebly to this penetration of their last defenses before the Philippines. Capturing it would both neutralize the Allies' principal forward base and serve as a springboard for a possible invasion of Australia. The landings at Hollandia and Aitape were followed just four weeks later by landings at Wakde, Sarmi and Toem, to the west. [16] In the resulting 48 May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea, the Allies suffered higher losses in ships, but achieved a crucial strategic victory by turning the Japanese landing force back, thereby removing the threat to Port Moresby, at least for the time being. These particular records were shipped to JICPOA in Hawaii and most of those identified as having no military value were then shipped to the Pacific Military Intelligence Service Research Center at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, for translation. Simultaneous operations from these two locations, one amphibious and one overland, would converge on the target city. Possibly the most important translations published by the 6th Army ATIS Advanced Echelon in February 1945, were files of orders of the Japanese 58th Independent Mixed Brigade. [43][44] Meanwhile, carrier-borne aircraft attacked targets around Wakde, Sarmi and Hollandia from 21 April, destroying at least 33 Japanese planes in the air and more on the ground. 17 with Allied and Japanese Operations Among Natives of Dutch New Guinea; No. [1] All of the various organizations widely disseminated the information contained in the captured records. The Japanese invaded New Guinea from November 1941 till April 1942 and occupied the Dutch part (except for Merauke) and the northern Australian part (Fakfak fell April 1, Manokwari April 12). The Kokoda Trail [was] suitable for splay-toed Papuan aborigines but a torture to modern soldiers carrying heavy equipment", Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 34, Buna was easily taken as the Allies had no military presence there (MacArthur wisely chose not to attempt an occupation by paratroopers since any such force would have been easily wiped out by the Japanese). During July and August 1944 the Japanese 18th Army, based on Wewak, mounted an attack on Aitape, employing more than 20,000 troops in the forward area. This document provided a complete list of approximately 40,000 Japanese Army officers together with their assignments. The attack force comprised 84,000 personnel, including 52,000 combat troops, 23,000 support personnel, and a naval task force of 200 vessels of 7th Fleets Task Force 77 under Rear Admiral Daniel Barbey. At Sanananda the swamp and jungle were typhus-ridden crawling roots reached out into stagnant pools infested with mosquitoes and numerous crawling insects every foxhole filled with water. 9, Japanese-English Medical Dictionary; No. As a result, a system of thorough Screening, i.e., the rapid examination of documents and the extraction (partial translations) therefrom of the more important material only, was given added prominence. Their noses had been refitted with eight 50-caliber machine guns for strafing slow-moving ships on the high seas. Thompson sub machine-guns jammed with the gritty mud and were unreliable in the humid atmosphere ", John Vader, New Guinea: The Tide Is Stemmed, pp. [1] Among them were the Southeast Asia Translation and Interrogation Center (SEATIC)[2]; the Sino Translation and Interrogation Center (SINTIC)[3]; and, the Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific Ocean Areas (JICPOA). [16] Only about 500 of the 11,000 personnel were ground combat troops, being drawn from several antiaircraft batteries. graduate Hollandia. This information was put to immediate tactical use and resulted in the capture of the position by the US 7th Cavalry Squadron. [21] Japanese bombers were often escorted by fighters which came in at 30,000ft (9,100m)too high to be intercepted by the P-39s and P-40sgiving the Japanese an altitude advantage in air combat. Over the course of an hour, this feature, dubbed Pancake Hill, was captured with only minimal opposition. He did successfully conduct the Western New Guinea campaign in 1944 which liberated much of Dutch New Guinea. During the landing, the first JICPOA team accompanied the invasion forces. After the occupation of Hollandia and Aitape the Allies were in a strong position, but they did not stop there. [36] The air and naval attacks succeeded in isolating the remaining Japanese forces in New Guinea. Key Terms In the first months of 1942, the Japanese launched further attacks against British Burma, Australian-administered New Guinea and Papua, and the islands of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). In 1944, a CIC officer was detailed for liaison with ATIS for eventual duty as an instructor for CIC units. Approval was granted four days later. [39] This operation had no effect on the Japanese, as the air units were being held in reserve for a planned major attack on American naval forces in the Central Pacific. It was a grisly task, but a military necessity since Japanese soldiers do not surrender and within swimming distance of shore, they could not be allowed to land and join the Lae garrison. After taking evasive routes to the west of the Admiralty Islands to avoid air attack,[42] the convoy turned back towards their objective late in the afternoon. This translation aided materially in speeding up the execution of the subsequent attack on Saipan and other Japanese bases in the Pacific, which occurred shortly thereafter. [30], The D'Entrecasteaux Islands lie directly off the northeast coast of the lower portion of the Papuan peninsula. [5], Allied intelligence successes led to the decision to land at Hollandia. [12] Initially, the intelligence product of JICPOA received no CINCPAC-CINCPOA authentication. During the early days of the war the Japanese forces were advancing. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for My dad's whole collection of old stamps UNTEA Dutch Nw Guinea [ay08] at the best online prices at eBay! [4][32] The shortage of shipping meant that each ship had to be loaded as efficiently as possible, using a technique known as combat loading to ensure that the most important stores and equipment could be unloaded quickly. MacArthur, the supreme commander in the area, also commanded all U.S. Army troops in the Southwest Pacific in his capacity as commanding general, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East. the strategic base on New Britain (now part of Papua New Guinea), on January 23, 1942. The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began on 10 January 1942, and the Imperial Japanese Army overran the entire colony in less than three months. [28][29] Secondary landings would take place Aitape, 125 miles to the east, at the same time as those around Hollandia. These provided the first clues to breaking the Japanese Navys operational codes. In early 1945, in the vicinity of Bhamo in northern Burma, CIC CIT No. There was also a small airstrip.To the west, the Cyclops Mountains rise to over 7000 feet (2100 m). In November 1944 the 6th Australian Division relieved the last U.S. Army units in the Aitape area and launched a drive down the coast toward Wewak, finally taking it on May 10, 1945. 7 was cancelled and no record is held that No. Gona fell to the Australians on 9 December 1942, Buna to the US 32nd on 2 January 1943, and Sanananda, located between the two larger villages, fell to the Australians on 22 January. Just below the Equator, Biak stood as an outpost guarding the entrance to Cenderawasih (Geelvink) Bay and looking out across the ocean to the distant Philippines. This contest produced a number of valuable documents and propaganda leaflets. Pre-landing reconnaissance efforts were hampered by the destruction of the Australian scouting party that was landed in the area by submarine in late March, and the reality of the terrain was only discovered through aerial intelligence that arrived too late. In early 1943, it became apparent, as the Allies assumed the offensive, that the volume of documents captured would far exceed the capacity of personnel available to translate each and every document in full. During the so-called atoll campaign in the Pacific, US Navy, Marine Corps, and Army personnel captured many valuable documents on various islands. The Japanese also seized the key oil production zones of Borneo, Central Java, Malang, Cepu, Sumatra, and Dutch New Guinea of the late Dutch East Indies, defeating the Dutch forces. He was thrown into his own jail.[15]. 3 (Fall 2005). Todays post is by Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. 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