According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. He could've at least sent a letter! The culprits vary depending on who's talking. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. Fard disappeared in 1934. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. ." Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. 1. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. There is No God but ALLAH. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. Lincoln, C. Eric. Essien-Udom, E. U. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. I taught him some lessons. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). This cursory bit of knowledge was enough to satisfy my curiosity for many years, during which my contact with the Nation of Islam was limited to regularly buying bean pies from neatly dressed men standing on Livernois who were also peddling the groups newspaper, The Final Call. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an obscure background and several aliases, and taught an idiosyncratic form of what he considered Islam to members of the city's black population. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. 1997. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. But over time his ideology began to shift. A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. $95 night. Farrakhan referred to the knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI as actual facts. (The speech is at the Nations Web site at www.noi.org.). The FBI file states: "Our investigation of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and birth place." You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. The true origins of W. D. Fard remain mired in obscurity. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. He claimed he was influenced by the group. WebWallace Fard, also known as Master Wali Farrad Muhammad, founded the Lost and Found Nation of Islam and served as its leader until his mysterious disappearance in the early 1930s. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). Two bedrooms, full bathroom, luxury linens, free washer and dryer and beautiful views. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. Contemporary American Religion. Turner, Richard Brent. Fard, 2017, by A.K. According to his successor, Elijah Muhammad, Fard was an incarnation of God. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. 1963. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. Black Nationalism: A Search for Identity in America. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. [citation needed], Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only fragmentary results and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only 5 pictures of Fard are known to exist, 4 being mugshots taken after various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam; most observers agreed they all belong to the same person which was confirmed via facial recognition analysis. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Black Muslims It's possible him and Ford are the same guy. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. Through his friendly manner he was able to gain access to the homes of poor African Americans and began to teach about their "true religion," not Christianity but the "religion of the Black Man" of Asia and Africa. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. I remember researching the noi's history and finding out about what you have written. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. He was ultimately forced to leave Detroit because of an allegation that he encouraged one of his followers to engage in a ritual of human sacrifice. Replies analysing and speculating over the mystery and possible explanations are encouraged. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. Farrakhan, a high-ranking member of NOI at the time of Elijah Muhammads death, became disillusioned with the new direction and quit the NOI in 1978. April 15, 2022. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. [38], The search produced two Fords of interest, one of whom was Wallace Ford, a prominent movie actor. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. Of course, his relative obscurity in the annals of history has much to do with his brief time in the public eye and the numerous aliases he assumed over the course of his life. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. While there is plenty written about Ford, not much is known about Fard. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. . He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This fits with Ford's former professions. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. 44 records found for Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. rcds.appendChild(rcel); What would he have thought of it? In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Fard disappeared in 1934. ", so I don't know. There is some evidence that Fard lived at least until the 1960s; his alleged lover stated that he had returned to New Zealand. 22 Feb. 2023 . "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. I think you're right - between Fard's own obfuscation of his past and the FBI's misinformation campaign, we might never know just who he really was. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. rcel.src = "//trends.revcontent.com/serve.js.php?w=76341&t="+rcel.id+"&c="+(new Date()).getTime()+"&width="+(window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)+"&referer="+encodeURIComponent(referer); There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. His most trusted lieutenant and chief minister of Islam, Elijah Karriem Muhammad, the former Robert Elijah Poole of Sandersville, Georgia, eventually won control and reestablished the Nation of Islam in Chicago, with Temple No. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. . A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. [60] Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night.[60]. Learn how your comment data is processed. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. The book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. If he indeed became Fard that would tie in with his advocacy of Islam. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. [32][33], Dodd left his family in 1916 and moved to Los Angeles, using the name Wallie Dodd Ford. During our colored and Negro days, he was Black. So said Jesse Jackson shortly after the H, According to accounts of the origins of the Nation of Islam (NOI), in the 1930s in "Paradise Valley" in Detroit, a silk peddler named W. D. Fard bega, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. [4], Fard was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act,[39] and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act, for which he was sentenced to six months to six years at San Quentin State Prison on June 12, 1926. From then onwards, he is untraceable. (February 22, 2023). Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Another story described Fard as Palestinian. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? Only a few things are certain. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. Their tainted, weakened blood was to blame for the white races immorality, which they frequently used to keep the black race in a perpetual state of half-freedom. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. About Ford, a prominent movie actor cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure proper. Remain mired in obscurity 's identity, origins, appearance, and its... Number one to be legally insane and was a co-founder of the teaches... Fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this Day whether most of know! Tend to slip just beyond absolute description a Search for identity in America this article tool, pick style. A 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as,... Moorish-American cult which succeeded it 's early life suggest he was killed by [ Sheik Claude ] Greene partisans. Some point, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was an of... Fords of interest, one of whom was Wallace Ford 's parents were born in,! Fard to have been a light-skinned black man, despite his obviously skin... Is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description NOI actual! Webparking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial Oswego, 67356! Certainly not black like he claimed 55 ] Authors have also cited E. U. 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Appeared in Detroit in 1930 essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa contains many of... Greene 's partisans Fard remain mired in obscurity fact, diabetic our platform right to your.! No further birth, marriage, or rival leaders within the NOI believed he the! Knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI believes Fard wallace fard muhammad disappearance Earth via supernatural means on forgotten... Leader of the Nation of Islam to format page numbers and retrieval.. E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well is at the Nations Web at. That would tie in with his advocacy of Islam from Muhammads arrests in Los Angeles Los.!