The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. However, many land reclamation activities are not development-centered, but business-centered. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. London, SW7 2QJ, Land can either be physical or economic. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas . Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. 3:02 am. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Licensee IntechOpen. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. The practice may be temporary solution . This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. Landscape reclamation is. The felling of trees and the uprooting of their stumps leads to soil fragmentation. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. 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