Historically occupied the independent, Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the, The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. This one is a bit tricky. Unending Struggle? C. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. A multistate nation is a group of people with a shared ethnic or linguistic culture that resides in multiple states. There are also numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. Also: 1: Palestine 2: US Native Indian nations 3: Canada First Nations 4: Canada Inuit [though they do have their own Province] 5: Tibet 6: East Turkestan/Xinjiang Uighurs 7: Kurdistan 8: Barotseland 9: Euskadi 10: Catalonia 11: Galicia Multi State Nation - people with a shared culture and spread over several . It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. Inside Israel's Fierce, Bitter Debate About Identity", "Independence in Europe: Secession, Sovereignty, and the European Union", United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stateless_nation&oldid=1141840986, Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from, Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of. For example in Iran the majority identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. See the UNPO Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation. Can also help with understanding the cultural/ethnic proximity with other people of that paternal language group, but not necessarily. In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. [90][91], During the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the breakup of Yugoslavia, several ethnic groups gained their own sovereign state. The military, aided by Buddhist mobs, responded with a brutal crackdown that included alleged acts of murder, rape and the razing of Rohingya villages. Middle East in the 1970s and 80s, Part 12. Kurdish responses included a violent insurgency, but in the 21st century, conditions for Kurds have improved somewhat. They are thus called stateless nations. The Kurds, a non-Arab Iranian ethnic nation of some 30 to 40 million people in their homeland and diaspora, are one of the most often mentioned stateless nations because they had made multiple, unsuccessful attempts to achieve statehood and have suffered discrimination to the level of genocide in some of the countries they live. Sounds bad, right? Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Which currently stateless nation was once independent? For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka: The Global Failure to Protect Tamil Rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self determination. And this is just another day in the life of a stateless nation. Since no government recognizes them, they can't get a birth certificate, attend school, see a doctor, own property or get married. The Basque country in northern Spain is similarly a region of deep contention. [26][27][28][29] Stateless nations sometimes show solidarity with other stateless nations and maintain diplomatic relations.[30][31]. The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). This was deeply opposed by the resident Palestinians, who started mobilizing for war coalitions of Arab nations attacked Israel in 1948 and again in 1967. The Donbas republics of Luhansk and Donetsk are ethnic Russian states that effectively seceded from Ukraine in 2014 but are only recognized by Russia, Syria, and North Korea as of 2022. Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. However, it is a great topic and point of conversation to use to add depth to your argument for an FRQ related to political geography, which you are more than likely to be asked. [16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. Thus nation-states are not as common as often assumed, and stateless nations are the overwhelming majority of nations in the world. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). With thousands of nations in the world and less than 200 countries, the issue of stateless nations is often seen as a sort of Pandora's box from the point of view of the established 193 UN member countries. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Sign up to highlight and take notes. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, They often faced discrimination ranging from denial of citizenship to dispossession of their homelands. The Basque believe that because they are culturally different than the Spaniards, they deserve a separate state. Palestinians aren't a homogenous ethnic or religious group like the Kurds and the Rohingya. Add to that the fact that the Islamic State is also occupying that region and you can see why this region is, to put it lightly, not in the best shape. Present-day examples of multinational states are Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South The Kurds, numbering an estimated 20 million Kurds, are commonly seen as the world's largest nation without a state. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. They resented this because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken away by the British. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). What is an example of a nation without a state? They believe because they have a distinct culture, language, religion (or sect thereof) and have occupied a certain region of land for centuries, they are entitled to that particular piece of land. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. The homelands of stateless nations like the Kurds, Yoruba, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries. It's unclear how long the Rohingya have lived in Myanmar. [20][21], People with a common origin, history, language, culture, customs or religion can turn into a nation by awakening of national consciousness. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. For example, the case of some 300,000 Urdu-speakers (sometimes referred to as Biharis) was resolved in Bangladesh in 2008. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content. The Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the 1950s. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. Everything you need for your studies in one place. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as an exclusively Arabic-speaking place. In 1947, the United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine (an area of about 2,400 square miles or 6,215 square kilometers) into a Jewish state (which became Israel) and an Arab state. Because stateless people, like refugees, are vulnerable to serious human rights abuses, the UNHCR launched the #ibelong campaign in 2014 to eradicate statelessness in 10 years. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (1999), Berch Berberoglu, 69p. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. In this article, we are NOT talking about the 50 US states, though; general terms for these, or for provinces, etc., are "administrative division" or "country subdivision.". In Macedonia, an estimated 110,000 to 200,000 more Roma struggle to find work, health care and housing without the necessary citizenship papers, even though Roma families have now lived there in exile for generations. The history books your country uses tell lies about you. Gamal Abdul Nasser and Non-Alignment, Part 11. [15] During decolonization, the colonial powers imposed a unified state structure irrespective of the ethnic differences and granted independence to their colonies as a multinational state. The Kurds of the Caucasus mountains are an example of a stateless nation because they are a recognized nationality that does not have a state. D. contains countries whose economies complement one another. An example of a stateless nation is the Kurds. These cases typically have involved violent or deceptive removal tactics such as those used historically by the US. Many of the US's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s. Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. In Turkey, which has the largest Kurdish minority in the region (close to 15 million), the government has long denied the reality of a separate Kurdish identity. For a community lacking a government, see, Consequences of colonialism and imperialism, Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status. Thus, qawmia is usually how the word nationalism is translated. Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark. As such, the term expresses irredentism. The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". The United Nations called the Rohingya "the most persecuted minority in the world.". Examples include Greeks before the Greek War of Independence[87] and Irish people before the Irish War of Independence and Bengalis before the Bangladesh Liberation War. Captive nations are trapped in highly discriminatory situations, still inhabiting ancestral homeland but bereft of many rights and legal protections. For example, Arab-majority countries of the Middle East all share Arab identity, language and heritage, although they have very different national identities. So what is the answer? Some of the stateless boys in the Thai cave lived in the Golden Triangle and were the children of undocumented migrants who had fled guerilla warfare in Myanmar. A. The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). example children with disabilities are 42% less likely to have foundational reading and numeracy skills . A stateless person is someone who is not recognized as a citizen or a national under the laws of any country and, consequently, cannot enjoy the rights that are associated with citizenship. Nation States and Stateless Nations, Part 8. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. As you can see, despite the fact that the concept of stateless nations is relatively not as important as compared to other concepts in geographic studies, it is a major key to understanding why the world is the way it is right now. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. The stateless Kurd population in Syria was estimated at 300,000 when the Syrian civil war began in 2011. Despite their significant presence in the region and their . Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. [14] Some nations have been victims of "carve out" and their homeland was divided among several countries. People can become stateless through a variety of . Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Thus, qawmia is usually how the word nationalism is translated. The U.N. htm). Stateless nations experience conditions ranging from autonomy of some type (the "best case" short of independence, which they may or may not desire) to the worst cases of complete landlessness and even having to exist in hiding! Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Stateless Nations Pages: 5 (1388 words) Clean and Green Nation Essay Example Pages: 7 (1864 words) American Literature: Our Nation's Voice Pages: 1 (58 words) The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review Pages: 6 (1777 words) Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Pages: 11 (3041 words) One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. B. had several forerunners. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. Trans-border stateless nations face many challenges. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. The Kurdish people are consistently shortchanged. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. In his thought-provoking "A nationless state? Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. This has been at the cost of great suffering: Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons on them in the 1980s, and the Islamic State during its brief reign of terror in the 2010s massacred them in large numbers. [12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, the Tuareg, Toubou, Rifians, Kabyle in North Africa, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Rohingya and Shan in Myanmar, or Galicians, Cantabrians, Asturians, Aragonese, Basques, Catalans, Valencians and Andalusians in Spain.[13]. Due to the disastrous results of these contacts (e.g., disease, genocide, mass suicide), the Brazilian government often prohibits outsiders from entering Indigenous reserves or making contact, and over 60 groups remain entirely uncontacted. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. The first Roma migrated from Northern Indian between the 13th and 15th centuries, and the Romani language still shares many words in common with Hindi. You see, the independence treaty you signed was ripped up. We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. This is a list of societies that have been described as examples of stateless societies. Should be in parliament before the end of the year. Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and numerous other countries are inventions of colonialism, so their nations have only recently become subject to a central government. Many, however, never established their own nation state. How to use stateless in a sentence. Palestine, which includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, has Observer status at the United Nations but is not a member of the UN General Assembly. However, within those political boundaries, there is even more diversity to be grappled with, and understood. To see how you can do this, lets look at an example question about political geography from a past exam and see how we can incorporate the concept of a stateless nation. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. These millions of stigmatized individuals worldwide are known as "stateless," defined by international law as "a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law." [92], This article is about a nation lacking a nation state. What countries have stateless people? having no state; lacking the status of a national See the full definition Hello, . 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