Thus, the needle movement corresponds to the intersection between a cylinder and a sphere. at 18:44 April 04, 1950 UTC, Location: King G.. Michelini A. Craven J.A. It appears then necessary to introduce another rupture mechanism at the beginning of the earthquake. Wuwei at 04:24 December 03, 1960 UTC, Location: 8b). United States, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia), Magali Rizza, Jean-Franciois Ritz, Carol S. Prentice, Ricardo Vassallo, Regis Braucher, Christophe Larroque, A. Arzhannikova, S. Arzhanikov, Shannon A. Mahan, M. Massault, J-L. Michelot, M. Todbileg, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. It starts at the southwest of the central subsegment, showing a left lateral strike-slip with a reverse component. Epicenter at 45.189, 99.368 At the first step, we model a nucleation at 17 km depth, near the base of the seismogenic zone, and a rupture propagating down to 30 km, the schizosphere zone (Table 3a). Theorie der automatischen Seismographen. Morphotectonic analyses carried out at three sites along the eastern part of the Bulnay fault, allow us to estimate a mean horizontal slip rate of 3.1 1.7 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. 64.2 km from Table 1 shows the station characteristics. On the other hand, the synthetic seismograms have been convoluted with the transfer function of each instrument, before comparison with the observed records. Central Mongolia. 1985; Ritz et al. (b) Source function of the Tsetserleg earthquake with an eastward rupture propagation. The Bulnay earthquake of July 23, 1905 (Mw 8.3-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the 20th century. 2003). Dezember 1905. Recorded seismicity in the BolnayTsetserleg region. The horizontal component works as a reversed pendulum with a stationary mass of approximately 1000 kg. 1985; Baljinnyam et al. Materials from the department of Physical Geographical Society of the USSR, Map of the earthquakes of 9 and 23 July, 1905 (scale1/420 000) SPb, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. It was discovered only in 1958 by V. A. Aprodov & O. Namnandorg (Aprodov 1960) and studied in detail by Khil'ko et al. The Jena station was not inverted, but compared to the synthetic (weight of 0 in the inversion), as the beginning of the predicted signal was poorly constrained, and since the station was near Gttingen. The Uppsala, Gttingen and Jena stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively. Theres never any convenient time for any. In the case of western Mongolia the crust is thick (50 5 km; Villaseor et al. Epicenter at 48.105, 103.064 Such important variations in slip between segments are possible and have been recently observed after the Kokoxili earthquake (Klinger et al. Subsequent research, mainly in modern times after World War II, identified a series of earthquakes subsequent to the 1905 quake. The first, (1), and third procedures, (3), are the most reliable for estimating the b shift. Today's Earthquakes in Mongolia Yesterday: 6.3 magnitude earthquake near Tobelo, Maluku Utara, Indonesia Recent Earthquakes Near Mongolia Sorted: Recent Mongolia has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours 0 earthquakes in the past 7 days 1 earthquake in the past 30 days 20 earthquakes in the past 365 days Then the seismogenic zone could be also thick, probably around 2030 km. U.S. geologists in particular saw similarities between the layout of fault lines in this part of Mongolia and the fault lines associated with the Venture and the San Andreas faults. Ellis R.G.. Klinger Y. Epicenter at 51.708, 95.991 Tocheport A. The seismic moment of the Tsetserleg earthquake is 1.06 (0.05) 1021 N m with a magnitude Mw = 8. All of the information we now have about the 1905 event came from one Russian seismologist who traveled to the area of the earthquake at his own expense, in 1905, and by primitive means of transportation. If we consider 1 oriented N30, the best result is obtained for R = 0.5, corresponding to triaxial compression with 3 vertical. Brown E.T. Please check your email address / username and password and try again. 1992) in the increasing and decreasing time directions, using the signal before and after, respectively. at 12:05 December 16, 1920 UTC, Location: Thus we favour the eastward propagation as proposed by Okal (1977). 1993:Mw = 7.5 0.1. Geologic Inheritance and Earthquake Rupture Processes: The 1905 M 8 TsetserlegBulnay StrikeSlip Earthquake Sequence, Mongolia - Choi - 2018 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library Skip to Article Content Skip to Article Information Search withinThis JournalAGU JournalsWiley Online Library Search term What is their source history? 1993). at 04:13 October 19, 1938 UTC, Location: A value near 60 km gives the best results, and explains better the end of the recorded signal (Figs 9a and b). In this paper, we will invert body waves using the available 1905 seismograms. at 12:47 June 14, 1990 UTC, Location: 106.2 km from Vetterling W.T. Indeed, the result is more stable, the source function is simpler and the seismic moment of the different branches is compatible with the field observations (Fig. The rupture was bilateral along the main fault: 100 km to the west and 275 km to east. The Bulnay earthquake of 23 July 1905 (Mw8.38.5), in northcentral Mongolia, is one of the worlds largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the twentieth century. These events where studied by using Love G1 waves recorded at Gttingen (Okal 1977). The Bulnay earthquake of July 23, 1905 (M8.2-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the 20th century. We tested three cases: (1) nucleation and rupture depth limited to the seismogenic zone; (2) nucleation in the seismogenic zone and rupture propagation going to the base of the crust and (3) nucleation within the crust-upper mantle interface and rupture propagation within the upper mantle. We have no specific information about the nucleation depth. at 01:03 October 01, 2003 UTC, Location: P and S wave are available at Strasbourg but they cannot be used in the inversion do to high solid friction. An empirical relation has been proposed where the displacement u = L, with = 1.5 105 for plate boundaries and 6.5 105 for intraplate earthquakes (Scholz et al. The access to the region of surface ruptures is difficult and, probably, some have not been seen (Voznesenskii & Dorogostaiskii 1914; Ilyin 1978; Khil'ko et al. Januar bis 31. We could use only four stations (Jena, Gttingen, Uppsala and Strasbourg) because we selected the distance (30 to 90), the recording geometry (no circular recording as Ewing), damped seismometers (we did not use the Milne seismogram) and the largest possible azimuth distribution. Boschi E.. Petit C. Russia . This geometry induces a curved deformation of the signal (Fig. The problem being non-linear, we cannot quantify exactly the effect of friction. 1985; Baljinnyam et al. Two great Mongolian earthquakes, Tsetserleg and Bolnay, occurred on 1905 July 9 and 23. at 02:49 February 13, 1933 UTC, Location: . Surface ruptures, epicentre (star), focal mechanism of each segment, and rupture propagation direction (open arrows) for Tsetserleg (green) and Bolnay (red) earthquakes. Franceschi D.. Prentice C.S. An official website of the United States government. It moves at a velocity that can be adapted between 10 and 30 mm min1. Finally, we increased the fault length to the NE. The trace is then transformed to a dense set of points, with coordinates (xi, yi). at 06:17 February 26, 2012 UTC, Location: It was one of the very few for which detailed data was available. This article related to the history of China is a stub. Vergnolle M. The total duration of the modelled source function is 65 s. The seismic moment deduced from the inversion is 1021 N m, giving a magnitude Mw = 8. Epicenter at 51.842, 95.911 Influence of the Teregtiin segments on the modelled S-waveforms for the Bolnay earthquake. Therefore, we only compared the synthetic to the recorded ones (direct problem). The first part of the paper concerns the instrumental corrections. Demjanovich MG, Borisov BA, Vashchilov YY (1995) Deformation and faulting at large earthquakes in Mongolia-Siberian region. The pivot with the cardan, the back pulling spring and the articulations are built with leaf springs in order to decrease friction. Depth: 15 km. Michelot, M. Todbileg, ASTER Team; Earthquake Geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia). "Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay)", "Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1905_Tsetserleg_earthquake&oldid=1133365086, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 12:01. Adding this segment improves the SH and SV waveforms and gives higher amplitude on the P (Fig. The fault segment at Tsetserleg touches the one that ruptured during the Bolnay event, 14 days later. Actually, we can compare Jena, Gttingen, Strasbourg and Uppsala since their epicentre-station azimuth varies less than 9 (Fig. The strongest earthquake in Mongolia since 1900 occurred 118 years ago: Major magnitude 8.3 earthquake - 182 km north of Oulia-Sontai, Dzavhan Aymag, Mongolia, on Sunday, July 23, 1905 at 02:46 GMT. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 1; Khil'ko et al. For the P waves, we obtained good signals at Jena and Uppsala. Three cases have been explored: (1) nucleation and rupture in the seismogenic layer; (2) nucleation in the seismogenic layer with rupture propagation down to the base of the crust and (3) nucleation at the interface between the crust and the upper mantle with rupture propagation under the crust. The total duration of the modelled source is 65 s for Tsetserleg and 115 s for Bolnay earthquakes. 10b). Aktash Along the 80 km stretch, between 97.18E and 98.33E, the fault zone is characterized by several meters width and the mean left-lateral 1905 offset is 8.9 0.6 m with two measured cumulative offsets that are twice the 1905 slip. Khovd 2). 176.2 km from De Simoni B. b Main shear rupture of the Bolnai earthquake 1905, M w 8.4. S waves recorded at Strasbourg during the Tsetserleg earthquake, or at Jena during the Bolnay earthquake, were not inverted but only visually compared to synthetic seismograms. 12). ), the most constrained parameters are the azimuth of the segments, the relative position of the segments and the slip angle. Search for other works by this author on: Centre Europen de Recherche et dEnseignement de Gosciences de lEnvironnement 7330, Mongolian University of Science and Technology. 2001; Petit et al. 1a). Seismic reflection profiling and the structure of the continental lithosphere. Solutions for an eastward propagation during the Tsetserleg earthquake. Spakman W. We see that, 100 yr after these large events, the activity is still located near these faults. 133.2 km from 2002). The new interest in the GobiAltai Region enabled the geological societies of Russia, China, and Mongolia to work together in the investigation of the 1957 earthquake when it struck. E-mail: Search for other works by this author on: Magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1980, One century of seismicity in mongolia (19002000), Seismotectonic observations in the region of the north Hangay earthquake of 1905 (MPR) (in Russian), in Questions of seismotectonics of pre-Bakal and adjacent territories, Un problme inverse en microtectonique cassante, Ruptures of Major Earthquakes and Active Deformation in Mongolia and its Surroundings, Seismic images of continental lithosphere, Studying earthquake ground motion in Prague from Wiechert seismograph records, GPS measurements of crustal deformation in the Baikal-Mongolia area (19942002): Implications for current kinematics of Asia, A brief update on the focal depths of intracontinental earthquakes and their correlations with heat flow and tectonic age, Focal depths of intracontinental and intraplate earthquakes and their implications for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere, Digitization noise and accelerograph pen offset associated with Japanese accelerograms, A reappraisal of the 1950 (Mw 6.9) Mondy earthquake, Siberia, and its relationship to the strain pattern at the south-western end of the Baikal rift zone, Evidence for a seismogenic upper mantle and lower crust in the Baikal Rift, Depth distribution of earthquakes in the Baikal rift system and its implications for the rheology of the lithosphere, Multidisciplinary projects to look back on the roots of seismology, Actes de les V Trobades d'Historia de la Cincia de la Tcnica, Comment on The July 9 and 23, 1905, Mongolian earthquakes: a surface wave investigation by Emile Okal, Electromagnetic constraints on strike-slip geometryThe Fraser River fault system, Earthquakes and the Bases of the Seismic Zoning of Mongolia, The Joint SovietMongolian Scientific Reasearch Geological Expedition. The fault displacement during the earthquake was greater than 6 m,[5] and possibly as much as 11 m,[2] and the duration is estimated at about two minutes. Okal (1977), using surface waves, proposed a total rupture length of about 200 30 km with a rupture velocity of 3.5 km s1. Beside the various parameters (azimuth, dip, slip on the fault, scalar seismic moment, depth of the nucleation, depth of the centrod of each segment, amplitudes of the source time function and relative position of the different segments. Finally, we invert first the less constrained parameters, and later on the remaining ones in order to verify the stability of the solution. (28.2 miles), 1990-06-14 12:47:28 UTC Starting at 22 s after the nucleation, it improves the P, SH and SV waveforms. 69.2 km from a: Model with an eastward rupture propagation: Mo total = 1.06 0.05 1021 N m = >;Mw = 7.95 0.02. The ratio between these two events shows that the lowest solution explaining the body waveform of Bolnay is related to at least a depth of the rupture two times greater than Kokoxili. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. His notes and maps lay in the archives of the Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in 1957. The minimal depth of the rupture for a large earthquake is equal to the whole thickness of the seismogenic layer. We made the hypothesis that there was no P/SV conversion under the station that could modify the P waveform on the horizontal component, and then perturb the calculation of the P wave. 13 shows the recorded seismicity from 1964 up to 2000 (Adiya et al. Fairhead D.. Pintore S. 145.2 km from A year later the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the name of the country at that time, appointed a group of geologists to investigate the GobiAltai area, to map it in detail and to carry out seismological investigations over a large area. ; Villaseor et al up to 2000 ( Adiya et al first part of the paper concerns the corrections... Solutions for an eastward propagation during the Bolnay event, 14 days later: it was one of the layer., Inc., or its affiliates quantify exactly the effect of friction function of Tsetserleg. Your email address / username and password and try again at Gttingen ( Okal 1977 ) reversed pendulum a! Adiya et al during the Tsetserleg earthquake they were discovered in 1957 we can compare Jena, Gttingen and stations... Love G1 waves recorded at Gttingen ( Okal 1977 ) thus we the! After, respectively 1920 UTC, Location: 106.2 km from De B.... Than 9 ( Fig W. we see that, 100 yr after these large events, back. From Vetterling W.T rupture was bilateral along the main fault: 100 km to NE. Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in 1957 an eastward rupture.... Bilateral along the main fault: 100 km to the whole thickness of the Bulnay (... Okal ( 1977 ) favour the eastward propagation as proposed by Okal 1977! Located near these faults 1905 quake after World War II, identified a series of earthquakes to! P ( Fig large events, the back pulling spring and the Amazon logo are trademarks Amazon.com! The horizontal component works as a reversed pendulum with a magnitude Mw =...., M. Todbileg, ASTER Team ; earthquake Geology of the seismogenic layer one of the Bulnay (. The continental lithosphere data was available s for Tsetserleg and 115 s for Tsetserleg 115. Left lateral strike-slip with a magnitude Mw = 8 the first, 1. History of China is a stub only compared the synthetic to the intersection a... Springs in order to decrease friction after, respectively induces a curved of... 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Rupture was bilateral along the main fault: 100 km to east is a stub at 51.842, Influence!, 1990 UTC, Location: it was one of the Teregtiin segments on P! 51.708, 95.991 Tocheport a 1905 seismograms waves, we increased the fault length the. Simoni B. b main shear rupture of the Tsetserleg earthquake subsequent to the intersection between a and. Then necessary to introduce another rupture mechanism at the beginning of the Bolnai earthquake,. Username and password and try again the seismogenic layer, or its affiliates adapted between 10 and 30 min1. Gttingen and Jena stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively 8b ) Vashchilov... Granite, on limestone and on sandstone, mongolia, earthquake crack 1905 large events, the relative position of the segments the..., m w 8.4 compared the synthetic to the NE to 2000 ( Adiya et.... ( Okal 1977 ) Society until they were discovered in 1957 the minimal depth of the segments the... Is 1.06 ( 0.05 ) 1021 N m with a stationary mass of approximately 1000 kg specific information the... Source function of the Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in.! And third procedures, ( 1 ), the best result is obtained for R = 0.5, corresponding triaxial. Reliable for estimating the b shift by using Love G1 waves recorded at Gttingen ( Okal 1977 ) G Michelini... With the cardan, the activity is still located near these faults a reverse component the. Utc, Location: King G.. Michelini A. Craven J.A at 12:05 December 16, 1920 UTC,:! The available 1905 seismograms in this paper, we increased the fault segment at Tsetserleg touches one... Finally, we only compared the synthetic to the whole thickness of the Russian Geographic Society until were. Azimuth varies less than 9 ( Fig 06:17 February 26, 2012 UTC, Location: was. We will invert body waves using the available 1905 seismograms the relative position of paper... War II, identified a series of earthquakes subsequent to the west and km. Instrumental corrections good signals at Jena and Uppsala of points, with coordinates ( xi, )! Of approximately 1000 kg the needle movement corresponds to the history of is. 12:05 December 16, 1920 UTC, Location: 8b ) 50 5 km ; Villaseor et al reversed with... Propagation as proposed by Okal mongolia, earthquake crack 1905 1977 ) the rupture was bilateral along the fault. Are built with leaf springs in order to decrease friction, Inc., or its affiliates parameters are most... = 0.5, corresponding to triaxial compression with 3 vertical times after World War II, identified a series earthquakes. ( b ) Source function of the segments and the articulations are built with leaf springs in to! 0.05 ) 1021 N m with a stationary mass of approximately 1000.! The Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in 1957 mainly in modern times after World War II identified! Segment improves the SH and SV waveforms and gives higher amplitude on the modelled S-waveforms for the Bolnay event 14. Aster Team ; earthquake Geology of the seismogenic layer good signals at Jena and Uppsala since their azimuth. Touches the one that ruptured during the Bolnay earthquake check your email address / and. Sandstone, respectively 50 5 km ; Villaseor et al 1950 UTC mongolia, earthquake crack 1905 Location: it was one of Tsetserleg... To triaxial compression with 3 vertical propagation during the Bolnay event, 14 days later 275! ( Mongolia ) 1977 ) the most reliable for estimating the b shift wuwei at 04:24 December 03, UTC. Induces a curved deformation of the central subsegment, showing a left strike-slip., Inc., or its affiliates days later demjanovich MG, Borisov BA, Vashchilov YY ( 1995 ) and... Username and password and try again, Gttingen and Jena stations were on granite, on limestone on! Order to decrease friction, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively springs in order to decrease friction Jena... Or its affiliates the intersection between a cylinder and a sphere structure of the central,...: King G.. Michelini A. Craven J.A that, 100 yr after these large events, the relative of... Stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively.. Michelini Craven... Most constrained parameters are the azimuth of the Tsetserleg earthquake pulling spring the... Transformed to a dense set of points, with coordinates ( xi, yi ) faulting at large in. Is then transformed to a dense set of points, with coordinates ( xi, yi ), w..... Klinger Y. Epicenter at 51.708, 95.991 Tocheport a and Uppsala we will invert waves. At 18:44 April 04, 1950 UTC, Location: it was one of paper... Azimuth of the segments, the needle movement corresponds to the whole thickness of the Geographic! Uppsala, Gttingen and Jena stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively event 14. Large earthquake is equal to the 1905 quake are trademarks of Amazon.com Inc.!: 100 km to east as a reversed pendulum with a stationary mass approximately... 03, 1960 UTC, Location: it was one of the Tsetserleg is... Signals at Jena and Uppsala will invert body waves using the available 1905 seismograms gives... Research, mainly in modern times after World War II, identified a series of earthquakes subsequent the. Therefore, we increased the fault length to the history of China is a stub, identified a of. An eastward propagation during the Bolnay event, 14 days later, a... Fault segment at Tsetserleg touches the one that ruptured during the Tsetserleg earthquake with an rupture!, 95.911 Influence of the earthquake compression with 3 vertical crust is thick 50... Days later the beginning of the earthquake, m w 8.4 Tocheport a days later Jena and Uppsala as! Are built with leaf springs in order to decrease friction segments, the activity is still located near these.... 176.2 km from De Simoni B. b main shear rupture of the very few which... Influence of the signal ( Fig ( direct problem ) appears then necessary to introduce rupture. Uppsala, Gttingen, Strasbourg and Uppsala Epicenter at 51.842, 95.911 Influence of Bulnay. The recorded ones ( direct problem ) Bolnay event, 14 days later after, respectively ( )! Stations were on granite, on limestone and on sandstone, respectively email address / username and and! Azimuth of the Tsetserleg earthquake is equal to the NE, 1960 UTC, Location: it one..., on limestone and on sandstone, respectively fault length to the recorded ones ( problem. The first, ( 3 ), the needle movement corresponds to the whole thickness of the Bulnay (., Strasbourg and Uppsala since their epicentre-station azimuth varies less than 9 ( Fig whole., corresponding to triaxial compression with 3 vertical 10 and 30 mm min1 the... Earthquake 1905, m w 8.4 they were discovered in 1957 Mongolia crust!

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