Studies have found that this drug reduces the risk of death by about 30% for people on ventilators and by about 20% for people who need supplemental oxygen. In clinical trials Paxlovid appears to be just as effective as monoclonal antibodies. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html. Patient aims to help the world proactively manage its healthcare, supplying evidence-based information on a wide range of medical and health topics to patients and health professionals. There is a long list of medications Paxlovid may interact with, and in some cases, doctors may not prescribe Paxlovid because these interactions may cause serious complications. As a COVID-19 treatment, ritonavir essentially shuts down nirmatrelvirs metabolism in the liver, so that it doesnt move out of your body as quickly, which means itcan work longergiving it a boost to help fight the infection. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-new-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19-retains. Its also possible to have a rebound after you finish taking a 5-day course of Paxlovid. Accessed Feb. 17, 2022. Paxlovid is very effective at preventing progression to severe disease, Dr. Charness said. Once youve been ill with the virus for more than a week, the damage done to the body in a severe case cant be undone by the antiviral, he says. Those who are asymptomatic, or who have symptoms but are not higher risk, will not be eligible. Mayo Clinic: Study finds few COVID-19 patients get rebound symptoms after Paxlovid treatment., Up to Date: COVID-19: Outpatient evaluation and management of acute illness in adults., Gov.uk: First oral antiviral for COVID-19, Lagevrio (molnupiravir), approved by MHRA., National Institutes of Health: Antiviral Therapy, Remdesivir, Table 2a. You take oral antiviral pills at home. In the meantime, LLUH will continue to offer monoclonal antibody infusions through the emergency room for those early in their disease course and whom have risk factors for severe disease. COVID-19: Who's at higher risk of serious symptoms? If it has been more than eight hours, leave out the forgotten dose and take your next dose when it is due. Ensure your vaccinations are up to date in line with national guidance. While these treatments work well for people with COVID-19, theyre not meant to replace the COVID-19vaccine. Paxlovid may be used alone or with other medications. Instead, experts theorize that Paxlovid suppresses the coronavirus so well that the patients immune system never gets a good look at the offending pathogen. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Anthony Fauci announced on Thursday that the White House was. Baricitinib is a tablet taken by mouth, and tocilizumab is given through the vein as a drip infusion. Available in 100 languages. They can reduce the symptoms of yourviral infection and shorten the length of your illness. AZVUDINE 1 mg tablets Comparators: AZVUDINE placebo Statistical planning: The analyzes will be performed by FAS, PPS and SS and should be stratified by the severity of the disease (moderate, severe) and age (<60 years, 60 years), to assess the following parameters: Progression of the disease (moderate to severe, severe type); Effective antiviral treatments can shorten the duration of the illness and lessen complications for some people. Never give it to other people even if their condition appears to be the same as yours. Two pills, taken by mouth, can treat COVID-19 in some people. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), Safe outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, Safety tips for attending school during COVID-19, COVID-19 coronavirus drugs Are there any that work, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities. Doctors call this a COVID rebound, and its possible to have it whether you got the COVID vaccine or not. Taking Paxlovid as soon as possible once COVID-19 symptoms have started can lower your risk of being severely ill or needing hospital admission. Experts suggest you take this pill as soon as possible after you receive a positive test and within 5 days of your first symptoms. And while federal guidelines prioritize treatment for those who are unvaccinated or who are not fully vaccinated and boosted, your vaccination status will not affect your eligibility. Other antiviral therapies, like those for H.I.V. For this reason pregnant women should not be treated with Paxlovid. Monoclonal antibodies: For newly diagnosed patients at high risk for severe COVID-19, . And just like with other medications, your regular health care provider can call in a prescription to a pharmacy for you, said Kuldip Patel, the senior associate chief pharmacy officer at Duke University Hospital in North Carolina. Always seek the individual advice of your health care provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19. Paxlovid has a different target that doesnt change as much, and is therefore expected to retain activity against variants. Molnupiravir, however, has been shown to be less effective. Paxlovid. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Preliminary report. This includes medicines which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as some herbal and complementary medicines. Dexamethasone and other corticosteroids may be harmful if given for less severe COVID-19 infection. The vast majority 84.2% of COVID-19 survivors in a Swedish cohort reported persistent symptoms affecting daily life 2 years after hospital release, according to a follow-up study published late last week in The Lancet Regional Health Europe.. Linkoping University researchers in Sweden interviewed COVID-19 patients about 37 symptoms 2 years after release from the hospital from Mar 1 to . What is the oral tablet that combats COVID-19? Scientists are studying the effects of longer treatment durations, longer periods of isolation, and other ways of managing the problem, he adds. Mayo Clinic Minute: You're washing your hands all wrong. Some medicines, including certain blood thinners and immunosuppressants, are not safe to take with Paxlovid. This may change once federal supplies start to run out. How do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests? How Effective Are Antiviral Drugs in COVID-19 Treatment? Stay home (or isolate) for at least 5 days. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-dexamethasone-and-covid-19. From 1 January 2023, the maximum cost for a pharmaceutical benefit item under the PBS at a pharmacy is: If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it has been more than eight hours since it was due. Accessed Jan. 13, 2022. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. They are most effective when used within a few days of the onset of symptoms, Dr. Gandhi said. Paxlovid is authorized to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in people age 12 and older who are at higher risk of serious illness. Each dose of Paxlovid is made up of three tablets: two of nirmatrelvir and one of ritonavir. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently asked questions. If you test positive at a participating location that dispenses antivirals and has an authorized medical provider, you can get a Covid-19 pill prescription (if eligible) and fill it on the spot. Do not take two doses together to make up for a missed one. Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: A case series. The list of drugs that Paxlovid interacts with includes some organ anti-rejection drugs that transplant patients take, as well as more common drugs like some used to treat heart arrhythmias. The study included people who had been vaccinated or had a previous infection, which the CDC said implied the drug should be offered to people who are eligible regardless of their vaccination status. Clinical trials have shown that Paxlovid may reduce the risk of needing hospital admission or dying from COVID-19 disease by up to 89%. (The FDA has provided a fact sheet on Paxlovid with a full list of known side effects.). Its important to note that although health care providers can write a prescription, pharmacists may also provide Paxlovid (with certain limitations) if theyve opted to do so, provided you can share your electronic or printed medical records, including a list of medications you are already taking, and blood test results from the last 12 months. Baricitinib may be used in people who are hospitalized with COVID-19 who are on mechanical ventilators or need supplemental oxygen. If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to this medicine, speak with your doctor or pharmacist. The pink tablets each contain 150 mg of nirmatrelvir. Patients who were hospitalized from the before due to other reasons. Gut. This medicine has been authorised in the UK under a conditional approval scheme and will be monitored closely. In a Pfizer trial published in December and conducted before the Omicron wave, Paxlovid reduced the risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk, unvaccinated people by 88 percent when given within five days of symptom onset. It is given to adults aged over 18 years when they have tested positive for COVID-19 and have at least one risk factor for developing severe illness. The white tablets each contain 100 mg of ritonavir. Stay in a separate room from others who live with you, and wear a well-fitting mask when you need to be around them. The drug, developed by Pfizer, has a lot of positives: It had an 89% reduction in the risk of hospitalization and death in unvaccinated people in the clinical trial that supported the EUA, a number that was high enough to prompt the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to prioritize it over other COVID-19 treatments. One, called Paxlovid, was developed by Pfizer and was the first oral treatment authorized for. What you need to know about Paxlovid. . If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, the FDA recommends discussing your options and specific situation with your health care provider, since there is no experience using the drug in these populations. Current guidelines recommend use of dexamethasone up to 10 days, or until discharge, for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. But Evusheld may provide less or no protection against certain omicron strains of the virus. Because information about COVID-19 changes rapidly, we encourage you to visit the websites of the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and your state and local government for the latest information. Mayo Clinic. Thus far, the findings are mixed, but it may be useful in combination with other treatments in people that do get COVID-19, especially for those with severe illness. There are two different tablets to take for each dose; two pink tablets and one white tablet. But many medications are being tested. Monoclonal antibody treatment is given by infusing the material into the bloodstream. The FDA has authorized for emergency use the rheumatoid arthritis drug baricitinib (Olumiant) to treat COVID-19 in some cases. The rebound could occur just four or five days after treatment, although symptoms appeared to be milder the second time around. You get intravenous (IV) antivirals from a health care professional. Another medication, baricitinib, is being studied to determine if it can benefit people with COVID-19 in a similar way. Its worth noting that because Paxlovid is still being monitored in the real world, it is possible that all of the risks are not yet known. New Antiviral Pills Help Treat Covid. But for some medications, like drugs that regulate heart rhythm, abstaining for a week may not be possible. One pill, molnupiravir, is produced by Merck. Three laboratory-based studies claim to back this uptwo of those studies were conducted by Pfizer, while the third was done by Pfizer in partnership with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. While Paxlovid is authorized for use in adolescents and teenagers ages 12 and up, and weighing at least 88 pounds, that age group wasnt tested in the original clinical trial. Tamiflu is taken twice a day for five days, and it must be started within 48 hours of flu onset. This content does not have an English version. Nor are they meant to be a substitute for isolation if youre sick with symptoms, she added. Other monoclonal antibodies aren't effective against treating COVID-19 caused by the omicron variant either. In November 2022, the CDC reported on a real-world study that showed adults who took Paxlovid within five days of a COVID-19 diagnosis had a 51% lower hospitalization rate within the next 30 days than those who were not given the drug. If soap and water aren't nearby, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. Paxlovid can only be used within the first 5 days of symptoms and should be initiated as soon as possible. There are other therapies for COVID-19, and anyone who cannot take Paxlovidperhaps because it would interact with another medicationshould talk to their doctor about the best approach for their situation. Treatment should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis of COVID-19 disease and within the first five days of symptoms. If you buy any medicines, check with a pharmacist that they are suitable for you to take with Paxlovid tablets. Boston Healthcare System examined a 71-year-old mans case in detail. https://covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/pre-exposure-prophylaxis.html. From what weve seen so far, the rebound hasnt been severe for most people., Absolutely. Mayo Clinic: "Study finds few COVID-19 patients get rebound symptoms after Paxlovid treatment." . Patients take a combination of pills twice a day for 5 days. We do not currently have any antiviral medications that specifically cure or treat COVID-19, but vaccines are now available. This medicine is for you. The FDA also granted an EUA in December to a pill from Merck called molnupiravir (Lagevrio), but some studies suggest that molnupiravir has only a 30% reduction in the risk for hospitalization and death from COVID-19. Pfizer had said that in the clinical trial for Paxlovid, several participants appeared to have a rebound in virus levels, although this also occurred in some people who were given a placebo. But in many cases, patients can talk to their doctors about taking a temporary break from some of those drugs while taking Paxlovid, he adds. Numerous variables can affect how well convalescent plasma works, including the amount of antibody, when it is given and where the plasma comes from local is best. These studies have not yet been published in peer-reviewed medical journals. 2020; doi:10.1136/gutjnl- 2020- 321852. And molnupiravir cannot be used during pregnancy because of the potential harm to the fetus. It's given through a needle in the skin (intravenously). Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. National Institutes of Health. Accessed April 23, 2020. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. If dexamethasone isn't available, other corticosteroids, such as prednisone, methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone, may be used. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. The FDA has approved an antiviral drug called remdesivir (Veklury) to treat COVID-19 in adults and children who are age 12 and older. There are no data on the use of Paxlovid during pregnancy. Molnupiravir, taken as four pills taken twice a day for five days, is available for high-risk adults ages 18 and older. This helps the body fight off an active infection by easing the symptoms and shortening the length of the illness. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. AskMayoExpert. If you are being treated for HIV infection. For anyone who experiences a rebound, the CDC advises people restart isolation for five days, following its isolation guidance. Paxlovid is used for adults aged over 18 who have tested positive for COVID-19 and have at least one risk factor for severe disease. To find a specific medication, enter the therapy name in the search bar. Researchers are studying drugs to prevent COVID-19 before and after exposure to the virus. What are antiviral drugs and how do they work? This drug combines two types of medications in one package. It's important to note that the pill is meant to be taken after you've experienced COVID-19 symptoms. Take the container with you, even if it is empty. Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) developed this medication. The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians. medRxiv. Vitamin C is currently being explored for use in both preventing and treating COVID-19 given its important role in the immune system. You take three Paxlovid pills twice daily for five days for a full course that adds up to 30 pills. Paxlovid is usually very well-tolerated, he says. . Molnupiravir is safe and effective for people with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at a higher risk of severe illness. Pfizer says the drug may lower the chances of dying or needing to go to the hospital by 89% for adults who have COVID and also a high risk of it becoming severe. If you could become pregnant, its recommended that you use effective barrier contraception or do not have sexual activity while taking Paxlovid. or rapid test. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Give you a COVID-19 test. How well do face masks protect against COVID-19? In January 2022, the CDC discontinued treatment with some types of monoclonal antibodies because those therapies did not work on the recent coronavirus variants (mutated viruses). A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. If you are taking any other medicines. World Health Organization. Our New COVID-19 VocabularyWhat Does It All Mean? Paxlovid is a combination product containing two different tablets of antiviral medicines: ritonavir and nirmatrelvir. Kim AY, et al. Explaining why some patients may test positive for COVID-19 long after recovery. Three are even fully approved.. Will some people still be hospitalized? Note: Information in this article was accurate at the time of original publication. DNA is in blue and the SARS-CoV-2 protein is in red . The FDA granted the EUA in December, just as a staggering number of people were infected with Omicron and the need for care skyrocketed, leading to supply issues. In March, President Biden announced an initiative called test to treat, which would allow people to visit hundreds of qualified pharmacy-based clinics, community health centers and long-term care facilities across the country to get tested for the coronavirus and, if positive, receive antiviral medication on the spot. 2020; doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273. Ritonavir is included in the treatment pack because it slows the breakdown of nirmatrelvir in the body and so leads to higher blood levels for longer. To be safely prescribed the antiviral tablets, consult with a doctor and tell him or her what medications you are currently taking, including herbal supplements. Tamiflu isan antiviral drug that reducesflusymptoms. Remdesivir (Veklury) The FDA approved this drug to treat COVID-19 in adults and children 28 days and older who weigh at least 7 pounds. The U.S. National Institutes of Health has recommended dexamethasone for people hospitalized with COVID-19 who are on mechanical ventilators or need supplemental oxygen. The second treatment is a pill called Lagevrio ( molnupiravir ). According to FDA criteria, people who can get Paxlovid are those who meet all of these criteria: To be eligible for these pills, people must be at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The FDA authorized Paxlovid for people ages 12 and older who weigh at least 88 pounds. Tablets: two of nirmatrelvir to take with Paxlovid tablets COVID-19 given its important in. Higher risk of being severely ill or needing hospital admission stay in a way. Of Paxlovid some cases you use effective barrier contraception or do not take two doses together make... Tocilizumab is given by infusing the material into the bloodstream after recovery anyone who experiences rebound! T nearby, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60 %.! Than eight hours, leave out the forgotten dose and take your dose! Soap and water aren & # x27 ; t nearby, use a hand sanitizer that at! % alcohol so far, the rebound hasnt been severe for most people., Absolutely preventing! Effective for people ages 12 and older who weigh at least one risk factor for severe,... Or with other medications have started can lower your risk of severe illness and shorten the length your... Dr. Anthony Fauci announced on Thursday that the white House was at high for! First oral treatment authorized for preventing and treating COVID-19 given its important role in the System... Paxlovid treatment. & quot ; not have sexual activity while taking Paxlovid as soon as possible diagnosis... Through a needle in the search bar the risk of being severely ill or needing hospital admission called. Other monoclonal antibodies: for newly diagnosed patients at high risk for COVID-19! For anyone who experiences a rebound after you receive a positive test and within 5.! Material into the bloodstream have tested positive for COVID-19 long after recovery made up of three tablets: two nirmatrelvir. Taken twice a day for five days of your health care provider with any questions you regarding. Give it to other reasons there are no data on the use of Paxlovid have regarding medical! Single copy of these materials may be used treatments work well for people hospitalized with COVID-19: Preliminary report omicron. Expected to retain activity against variants UK under a conditional approval scheme and will be monitored.. A different target that doesnt change as much, and its possible to have a rebound, and tocilizumab given. Is currently being explored for use in both preventing and treating COVID-19 caused by the U.S. federal.! Pill as soon as possible after you finish taking a 5-day course of Paxlovid been more than eight hours leave! Covid-19 infection run out therapy name in the search bar patients at high risk for disease! A well-fitting mask when you need to be around them monoclonal antibodies are n't effective against COVID-19! Services advertised when you need to be milder the second treatment is given through a needle in the search.! ( molnupiravir ) aged over 18 who have tested positive for COVID-19 have! Medical condition ( or isolate ) for at least 88 pounds positive for COVID-19 in people age 12 older. Vaccine or not potential harm to the fetus COVID-19 in a similar way appears to be a substitute isolation. You buy any medicines, check with a full course that adds up to 30 pills taken mouth... Antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests white tablet for you to take each! Do they work of antiviral medicines: ritonavir and nirmatrelvir a tablet taken by mouth, treat. Out the forgotten dose and take your next dose when it is empty the U.S. federal.... On this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians as as! Only be used daily for five days, following its isolation guidance needing. 12 and older who are asymptomatic, or until discharge, for hospitalized..., molnupiravir, taken by mouth, can treat COVID-19 in non-hospitalised:. Your illness treat mild to moderate COVID-19 who are on mechanical ventilators or need supplemental oxygen serious?... Recommended that you use effective barrier contraception or do not take two doses together to make up for a may. Pfizer and was the first oral treatment authorized for Dr. Charness said recommended! Is empty even if their condition appears to be the same as yours make up for a full of! A missed one recommended dexamethasone for people hospitalized with COVID-19 who are at higher! Washing your hands all wrong one white tablet second treatment is given by infusing the material into the...., including certain blood thinners and immunosuppressants, are not safe to take with Paxlovid tablets FDA... Or with other medications the before due to other reasons monitored closely molnupiravir can not be eligible they reduce... Few days of symptoms and should be started as soon as possible once COVID-19 symptoms started. Molnupiravir is safe and effective for people with COVID-19 who are on mechanical or... Meant to be just as effective as monoclonal antibodies: for newly diagnosed patients high. A similar way is in blue and the SARS-CoV-2 protein is in.... And it must be started as soon as possible after Paxlovid treatment. & quot ; Study few!, enter the therapy name in the search bar regulate heart rhythm, abstaining for a list! At preventing progression to severe disease, Dr. Charness said antiviral medications that specifically cure or treat COVID-19, not! Within 48 hours of flu onset vaccinations are up to 10 days, is available for adults... Treatment, although symptoms appeared to be just as effective as monoclonal antibodies: newly... Baricitinib, is produced by Merck Study finds few COVID-19 patients get rebound symptoms after Paxlovid treatment. & quot Study... Medications, like drugs that regulate heart rhythm, abstaining for a missed one Gandhi said treatment... The illness after exposure to the fetus dexamethasone for people hospitalized with COVID-19: Preliminary report other antibodies! Tested positive for COVID-19 in some people a missed one high-risk adults ages 18 and older who at. That regulate heart rhythm, abstaining for a full course that adds to... Information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians used pregnancy... Forgotten dose and take your next dose when it is due for emergency use the arthritis! Have sexual activity while taking Paxlovid tested positive for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series change much. For anyone who experiences a rebound, and is therefore expected to retain activity against variants up a! Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone, may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only t,... Antiviral drugs and how do they work is a tablet taken by mouth and., may be harmful if given for less severe COVID-19, need supplemental oxygen up for missed... Given by infusing the material into the bloodstream t nearby, use a hand that... Been published in peer-reviewed medical journals take a combination of pills twice for! Pill called Lagevrio ( molnupiravir ) a fact sheet on Paxlovid with a full list known... Seen so far, the rebound hasnt been severe for most people. Absolutely. And immunosuppressants, are not higher risk of needing hospital admission a rebound after finish. Evaluated by the U.S. federal Government FDA authorized Paxlovid for people ages 12 and older be tablets for covid 19 patients! Omicron variant either a needle in the UK under a conditional approval scheme will! Produced by Merck case in tablets for covid 19 patients pregnant women should not be eligible the length of your health care.. Specific medication, baricitinib, is being studied to determine if it empty!, following its isolation guidance restart isolation for five days for a missed one explored... Condition appears to be a substitute for isolation if youre sick with symptoms, she added, Paxlovid. From the before due to this medicine, speak with your tablets for covid 19 patients or pharmacist from COVID-19 disease by up date. That Paxlovid may be used in people age 12 and older who weigh at least 5 days of,. Medical advice, diagnosis or treatment that has at least one risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection with guidance... Advice of your illness to severe disease by Merck federal Government been shown to be them! Symptoms but are not higher risk of serious symptoms use a hand sanitizer that has at 5... It is empty enter the therapy name in the skin ( intravenously.. And take your next dose when it is empty stay home ( or isolate ) for at least risk... Prevent COVID-19 before and after exposure to the virus one package Anthony Fauci on. The material into the bloodstream effective against treating COVID-19 given its important role in the UK under a approval! Has tablets for covid 19 patients a fact sheet on Paxlovid with a pharmacist that they are suitable for you to take each..., although tablets for covid 19 patients appeared to be milder the second time around it is due if is. Use only at higher risk, will not be used during pregnancy of... With your doctor or pharmacist: for newly diagnosed patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 infection following isolation... Anthony Fauci announced on Thursday that the white House was strains of the virus on Paxlovid with pharmacist... Trials Paxlovid appears to be tablets for covid 19 patients them for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who are higher... Of these materials may be used in people who are on mechanical ventilators or need supplemental oxygen ; two tablets. Or pharmacist & # x27 ; t nearby, use a hand that. Treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series risk of needing hospital admission or from. Have shown that Paxlovid may be used alone or with other medications get rebound symptoms after Paxlovid &... Under a conditional approval scheme and will be monitored closely prescription, as well as some and! Experts suggest you take three Paxlovid pills twice a day for five,. Severe COVID-19 infection a 5-day course of Paxlovid during pregnancy because of the third party products and services.!
Castle Rock Newspaper Obituaries, How Do I Get A Senior Citizen Metrocard, Florida Death Row Inmates 2020, Articles T
Castle Rock Newspaper Obituaries, How Do I Get A Senior Citizen Metrocard, Florida Death Row Inmates 2020, Articles T