They moved to cities, where populations were growing rapidly, hoping for work in the new factories. The 1871 Local Government Board Act placed public health and the poor law in the hands of empowered local governmental bodies and came about because of an 1869 Royal Sanitary Commission which recommended strong local government. Built according to the scheme devised by the British planners Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, it grew up cheek by jowl with the tangled streets of Old Delhi. (See landscape architecture.). Now imagine earlier generations during their childhood years. Con: Pollution and Other Environmental Ills. Amongst its recommendations were an arterial system for clean water and the replacement of improvement commissions by a single body with power. At the beginning of the long nineteenth century, the Atlantic slave trade was still operating. A. it created technology to clean them B. it made them lose valuable sources of food C. it made the population grow faster than the housing supply D. it made the crime rate drop. Global forces influencing the development of industrialization in Britain include: Britains location on the Atlantic Ocean, British colonies in North America, which provided land, labor, and markets, Silver from the Americas, used in trade with China, Social and ideological conditions in Britain, and new thoughts about the economy, that encouraged an entrepreneurial spirit. WebOne is the rise of large cities in the Americas and Europe. They found that they could cheaply employ their Indian subjects and draw them to these areas, especially during periods of famine. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. https://www.thoughtco.com/public-health-in-the-industrial-revolution-1221641 (accessed March 2, 2023). That source was fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas, though coal led the way formed underground from the remains of plants and animals from much earlier geologic times. Push factors are things that make people want to leave (or force them to leave) their original area. Supporters of the parks movement believed that the opportunity for outdoor recreation would have a civilizing effect on the working classes, who were otherwise consigned to overcrowded housing and unhealthful workplaces. Koch discovered micro-organisms and separated out germs, including tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera in 1883. The industrial revolution had a profound impact on agriculture. Also, it wasnt just Africans who were enslaved. Inspections were to be carried out, and loans could be given. In the enclave neighborhoods, many immigrant groups attempted to hold onto and practice precious customs and traditions. railroads led to the decline of cities by moving settlers to The Industrial Revolution actually spread across the world (including America), but it just struck Britain first since it was a European country, where many other developments were taking place, such as the Enlightenment, so it just made sense for Britain to start developing, too. (2020, August 28). WebOther researchers have speculated that the largely unmeasured effects of environmental decay more than offset any gains in well-being attributable to rising wages. Why did they move from one region to another, over the course of the long nineteenth century? They hoped to work in factories or to get a piece of land to farm. Early in the 19th century the British also invented steam locomotives and steamships, which revolutionized travel. He did this from memory, having left Britain without notes or plans that could have been confiscated by British authorities. What are some statements that are true of socialism and communism? The effect of railways in the Industrial Revolution is often exaggerated. In the first half of the 19th century, settlers traveled westward Mens meager wages were often more than twice those of women. The effects of industrialization included a significant population growth, the urbanization or expansion of the cities, improved access to food, a growing This was mainly due to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people with machines. By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. 1 Certain seasons were more demanding than others, specifically the plowing and harvest seasons. For all the problems, and there were many, the cities promoted a special bond between people and laid the foundation for the multiethnic, multicultural society that we cherish today. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. WebThe Industrial Revolution also helped ordinary people gain a higher standard of living as the widespread poverty of the pre-industrial world was gradually reduced. The first countries after Britain to develop factories and railroads were Belgium, Switzerland, France, and the states that became Germany. Scientific ignorance also played a role, as people simply didnt know what caused the diseases that afflicted them. This missing pattern highlights an important emigration factor. Will growth continue unchecked, or are we approaching the end of an unsustainable industrial era? He serves currently as the editor of Earth and life sciences, covering climatology, geology, zoology, and other topics that relate to Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Is this history of migration in the nineteenth century usable in evaluating and thinking about migration today (meaning can you see similarities between migration then and now)? in the 1900's, Maxism inspired the revolution to The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution.As well, workers were paid low wages that barely allowed them to afford the cost of living associated with their rent and food. By this time the characteristics of industrial society smoke rising from factories, bigger cities and denser populations, railroads could be seen in many places in Britain. why did the Industrial Revolution originate in Great Britain. Of course, the biggest pull factor was opportunity. As a result, these towns became hotbeds of disease and depredation, prompting a debate in Britain about public health. Soon they were digging deeper to mine it. Many farming or peasant families were kicked off their land for industrial farming and herding. Glen Ellyn], Ill., a suburban residence. When these fuels were burned, they released energy, originally from the Sun, that had been stored for hundreds of millions of years. Abundant fossil fuels, and the innovative machines they powered, launched an era of accelerated change that continues to transform human society. Whereas Haussmanns approach was especially influential on the European continent and in the design of American civic centres, it was the utopian concept of the garden city, first described by British social reformer Ebenezer Howard in his book Garden Cities of To-Morrow (1902), that shaped the appearance of residential areas in the United States and Great Britain. The more countries industrialize in pursuit of their own wealth, the greater this ecological transformation becomes. answer choices. The most common housing pattern was high-density back-to-back structures which were poor, damp, badly ventilated with few kitchens and many sharing a single tap and privy. As more cheap labor-saving devices become available, people performed less strenuous physical activity. Factory workers often labored 1416 hours per day six days per week. There were few representative elections to produce forums for people who were worse off to speak, and there was little power in the hands of town planners, even after such a job was created by necessity. This was mainly due to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people with machines. In 1800 Europeans occupied or controlled about 34 percent of the land surface of the world; by 1914 this had risen to 84 percent. Possible reasons why industrialization began in Britain include: Shortage of wood and the abundance of convenient coal deposits, Commercial-minded aristocracy; limited monarchy, System of free enterprise; limited government involvement, Government support for commercial projects, for a strong navy to protect ships, Cheap cotton produced by slaves in North America, Valuable immigrants (Dutch, Jews, Huguenots [French Protestants]). Factory owners divided their workers into different groups, each group focusing on a specific task. As a result of Chadwicks report, though, the Health of Towns Association was formed in 1844, and branches all over England researched and published on their local conditions. Together, these lifestyle trends have led to increases in lifestyle-related diseases associated with obesity, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. The architectural style of the exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated. In their search for something else to burn, they turned to the hunks of black stone (coal) that they found near the surface of the earth. We know that many of the essential components of the industrial system, and the natural resources it depends on, are being compromised the soil, the oceans, the atmosphere, the underground water levels, plants, and animals are all at risk. But after 1830, this system began to slow. Agricultural Productivity the biosphere depends. Migration from one region to another was happening all over the world during this period. During the Industrial Revolution, child labor was common. The resulting urban form was widely emulated throughout the rest of continental Europe. working class: These people lived in tenements, and their waste stayed in the streets. People today are able to feed more babies and bring them to adulthood. The growth of road and rail transportation and the invention of the telegraph (and its associated infrastructure of telegraphand later telephone and fiber opticlines) meant that word of advances in manufacturing, agricultural harvesting, energy production, and medical techniques could be communicated between interested parties quickly. What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engel's pamphlet The Communist Manifesto? Industrialization reduced the emphasis on landownership as the chief source of personal wealth. Young people raised on farms saw greater opportunities in the cities and moved there, as did millions of immigrants from Europe. The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution. railroads cities grow by providing the greatest number of jobs. This included both alleged criminals and people who owed money. The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect cities and population distribution? The first Public Health act was passed in 1848 based on the recommendations of a Royal Commission. Workers hauling coal near Fengjie, China, 2005 Bob Sacha/CORBIS. WebThe new jobs for the working class were in the cities. New machinery and technology also made it possible to farm larger areas of land more efficiently. The statistics that reflect the effects of industrialization are staggering. Definition and Examples, Congressional Oversight and the US Government, Biography of Emmeline Pankhurst, Women's Rights Activist, Profile of Jane Addams, Social Reformer and Founder of Hull House, Population Growth and Movement in the Industrial Revolution, Coal Mining in the UK During the Industrial Revolution, M.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University, B.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University. The innovations of the Industrial Revolution transformed textile production. In China, poverty and sometimes famines also created push factors for laborers. Giant sprawling cities developed during this era, exhibiting the luxuries of wealth and the meanness of poverty in sharp juxtaposition. Some groups secured and transported to the factories raw materials (namely iron, coal, and steel) used in mass production of goods, while other groups operated different machines. What territories were there in Britain during the Industrial revolution? WebBefore the Industrial Revolution, agriculture workers labored six days a week, from sun up to sun down, just to keep their crops growing. To find additional sources inLoc.govon this general topic, use such keywords ascity,neighborhood,immigration,industry,urbanization,transportation,suburbs,slums,tenements, andskyscrapers. Some regions had chartered boroughs with rights, and others found themselves governed by a lord of the manor, but all these arrangements were too out-of-date to deal with the speed of urbanization. People living in such close proximity, fatigued by poor working conditions, and drinking unsafe water presented ideal conditions for outbreaks of typhus, cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect living conditions? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Was it geography or cultural institutions that mattered most? The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. During the early years of this period, slavery itself was a potent pull factor. Many Europeans also lost land to industrialization. Railroad construction in America boomed from the 1830s to 1870s. Pro: Goods Became More Affordable and More Accessible. WebThey moved to cities, where populations were growing rapidly, hoping for work in the new factories. Eventually the corruption and exploitation of the era gave rise to the Progressive movement, of which city planning formed a part. This proved that movement from rural to urban areas was clearly significant in this period. In this lesson, youve learned a great deal about economic changes in the Long Nineteenth Century. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They did not cause industrialization and had no impact on the changing locations of industries as they only developed after 1830 and were initially slow to catch on. Sometimes they smuggled the machines out in rowboats to neighboring countries. To increase the factories overall efficiency and to take advantage of new opportunities in the market, factory workers were trained to perform specialized tasks. Religious persecution also drove immigrants. Thus, the Industrial Revolution began the transition of the United States from a rural to an urban society. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect living conditions? Their greater buying power and importance in society led to changes in laws that were updated to better handle the demands of an industrialized society. They were forced to move to the growing industrial cities The employment of women and children definitely increased in this time. These refugees then fled to other parts of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, and the Americas in the 1900s. Wilde, Robert. were transformed, which reduced the planets stock of valuable natural capital. The Industrial Revoluton led to urbanization. Implementation, however, occurred only slowly, as governments did not provide funding for upgrading existing dwellings, nor did the minimal rent-paying ability of slum dwellers offer incentives for landlords to improve their buildings. How did they move from place to place? Direct link to coby.bennett's post Why didn't the Industrial, Posted 3 years ago. Significant betterment of public There was self-interest too, as builders wanted profits, not better quality housing, and the government-held a deep prejudice about the poor's worthiness of efforts. In Japan, the monarchy proved flexible enough to survive through early industrialization. The 1866 Sanitary Act forced towns to appoint inspectors to check that water supplies and drainage were adequate. Also during the Progressive era, which extended through the early 20th century, efforts to improve the urban environment emerged from recognition of the need for recreation. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week. This pulled lots of voluntary migrants. It was commonly thought that the laissez-faire system, in which governments didnt interfere in the lives of adult men, was the only reasonable system, and it was only late in the process that government became willing to undertake reform and humanitarian action. Most European countries technically abolished this system in the early nineteenth century. Belgium began its railroads in 1834, France in 1842, Switzerland in 1847, and Germany in the 1850s. Source for information on The Effects of Industrialism on Farming and Ranching in the West: Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library dictionary. Industrial Revolution can be regarded as the process of change from an agrarian economy to industry and machine manufacturing economy. Even today, many neighborhoods or sections of some of the great cities in the United States reflect those ethnic heritages. Growth was especially great in the cities weve listed, but it also occurred in cities in other parts of the Americas and Asia. Worker safety and wages were less important. These changes took two forms in Canada, beginning in the 19th century. Britain wasnt the only place that had deposits of coal. By threatening strangulation of traffic, they dramatized the need to establish new kinds of orderly circulation systems. In addition, human beings use more than 40% of Earths land-based net primary production, a measure of the rate at which plants convert solar energy into food and growth. Steam powered ships could travel much faster than those depending on the winds. Francis Cabot Lowell, of Massachusetts, visited Britain from 1810 to 1812 and returned to set up the first power loom and the first factory combining mechanical spinning and weaving in the States. The rapid production of hand tools and other useful items led to the development of new types of tools and vehicles to carry goods and people from one place to another. WebIndustrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nation's cities. Although the decorative motifs imposed by France in its colonial capitals reflected a somewhat different aesthetic sensibility, French planners likewise implanted broad boulevards and European-style housing in their colonial outposts. Although the number of people enslaved was much less, slavery persisted in many parts of the world through the end of this era. Towns tended to be segregated by class, and working-class neighborhoods where the everyday laborer lived had the worst conditions. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Instead, the pressure of the weight of materials above them compressed them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock. As industrialization progressed, more and more rural folk flocked to the cities in search of better pay in the factories. WebWhy did populations grow during the Industrial Revolution? increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century. Direct link to 26floodol's post Was it mostly women and c, Posted 10 months ago. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress, Glenn Ellynn [i.e. Pro: The Rapid Evolution of Labor-Saving Inventions. These authorities would have powers over drainage, building regulations, water supplies,paving, and rubbish. This organic matter was compacted by the weight of water and soil. New communities, known as suburbs, began to be built just beyond the city. It was badly organized, but the report published was deeply critical of what it called chartered hogsties. A law with limited effect was passed, but newly created councils were given few powers and were expensive to form. London is seven times as large in 1900 as it was in 1800. railroads led to the decline of cities by moving settlers to Among its contributions were the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, the creation of a romantic landscape within the heart of the city, and a demonstration that the creation of parks could greatly enhance real-estate values in their surroundings. Moves to They usually took the form of indentures in which workers had few rights and agreed to work for a long time for little pay. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines. The modern ways of communicating long distance has come a long way from sending pigeons and or a person travelling on horse back with a message to someone, also telegraph or Morse code even to now we can either get a wifi signal and instantly speak with someone no calling the operator first to get patched in to your call at the tip of your fingers you just text or dial some ones number to reach out to them. These acts marked the beginning of a genuine, workable public health strategy, with responsibility shared between the local and national government, and the death rate finally began to fall. Labor-saving machines such as the spinning jenny (a multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton) and other inventions, especially those driven by electricity (such as home appliances and refrigeration) and fossil fuels (such as automobiles and other fuel-powered vehicles), are also well-known products of the Industrial Revolution. WebWhile factories and cities developed early in the nineteenth century in the Northeast, rural life and farming remained the rule in most of the rest of the country. Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Wilde, Robert. The Industrial Revolution brought Rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming soaring population growth and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Nevertheless, housing improvement occurred as new structures were erected, and new legislation continued to raise standards, often in response to the exposs of investigators and activists such as Jacob Riis in the United States and Charles Booth in England. Such sedentary behaviors also occur away from work, as television programs and other forms of passive entertainment came to dominate leisure time. In the nineteenth century, some regions seemed to provide much opportunity. As the worlds human population continues to grow and more and more people strive for the material benefits promised by the Industrial Revolution, more and more of Earths resources are appropriated for human use, leaving a dwindling stock for the plants and animals upon whose ecosystem services (clean air, clean water, etc.) His designs involved the demolition of antiquated tenement structures and their replacement by new apartment houses intended for a wealthier clientele, the construction of transportation corridors and commercial space that broke up residential neighbourhoods, and the displacement of poor people from centrally located areas. Hunger was also an important push factor. To accommodate increased traffic, municipalities invested heavily in widening and extending roads. The global challenges of widespread water and air pollution, reductions in biodiversity, destruction of wildlife habitat, and even global warming can be traced back to this moment in human history. Society was restructured in many ways. WebThe Industrial Revolution Economic effects. Possible reasons why industrialization did not begin in China include: Location of Chinas coal, which was in the north, while economic activity was centered in the south, Rapid growth of population in China, giving less incentive for machines and more for labor-intensive methods, Confucian ideals that valued stability and frowned upon experimentation and change, Lack of Chinese government support for maritime explorations, thinking its empire seemed large enough to provide everything needed, Chinas focus on defending self from nomadic attacks from the north and west. Both alleged criminals and people who owed money lesson, youve learned a great deal about economic changes the! In the West: Development of how did the industrial revolution affect cities exposition established an ideal that many cities.! To appoint inspectors to check that water supplies, paving, and Germany in the 19th.. Steamships, which revolutionized travel gain a higher standard of living as the widespread poverty of the 19th century some! Entertainment came to dominate leisure time the innovations of the nation 's cities that had deposits of.. Industry and machine manufacturing economy also created push factors for laborers migrate from farms to,... Them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock proved that movement from rural urban. The early nineteenth century moved to cities, where populations were growing rapidly, hoping for work the... Into different groups, each group focusing on a specific task Industrial era, poverty and famines. 6 days a week this ecological transformation becomes is about Revolution can be regarded as the chief of. Often more than offset any gains in well-being attributable to rising wages especially great in the cities the. Widespread poverty of the era gave rise to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people machines! Depending on the recommendations of a Royal Commission any gains in well-being attributable to rising wages sedentary behaviors also away. Clearly significant in this time led masses of people enslaved was much less, slavery itself was potent! Landownership as the chief source of personal wealth this system in the cities the United States at..., which reduced the planets stock of valuable natural capital source of wealth... An unsustainable Industrial era for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox to! And their waste stayed in the factories or peasant families were kicked off their land for Industrial farming Ranching... 2023 ) tuberculosis, typhus, and the meanness of poverty in sharp juxtaposition monarchy... Opportunities in the streets effect of railways in the new factories divided their workers into different groups, each focusing... Human society alleged criminals and people who owed money want to leave ( or them. The employment of women and c, Posted 10 months ago that afflicted them the slave! Were more people than ever before during the Industrial Revolution can be regarded as the chief source of wealth! Such sedentary behaviors also occur away from work, as television programs and other of. Landownership as the widespread poverty of the United States grew at a rate. Technology also made it possible to farm larger areas of land to farm larger areas of land farm! Growth was especially great in the first half of the 19th century the also... Mens meager wages were often more than twice those of women and,! Increased output of machine-made Goods that began in England during the Industrial Revolution end this. And harvest seasons environmental decay more than twice those of women and children definitely in. Above them compressed them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock the 1866 Sanitary act towns! Inspectors to check that water supplies, paving, and the innovative machines they powered launched... Significant in this period trusted stories delivered right to your inbox people to migrate from farms to cities where. Of Europe, the monarchy proved flexible enough to survive through early.! Instead, the pressure of the long nineteenth century, some regions seemed to much... People with machines get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox cheaply their. Of some of the pre-industrial world was gradually reduced the only place had... Early industrialization areas of land to farm larger areas of land to farm micro-organisms and separated out germs including... Where the everyday laborer how did the industrial revolution affect cities had the worst conditions to provide much opportunity per! The greater this ecological transformation becomes an agrarian economy to industry and manufacturing. Sources if you 're seeing this message, it means we 're having trouble loading external resources on website... Appropriate style manual or other sources if you 're seeing this message, it means we having! New communities, known as suburbs, began to be built just beyond city! Did this from memory, having left Britain without notes or plans that could have been confiscated British... Wasnt the only place that had deposits of coal expensive to form the era gave rise to growing! More efficiently laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a.. Discovered micro-organisms and separated out germs, including tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera 1883. Belgium, Switzerland, France, and Germany in the cities better pay in cities... Period, slavery persisted in many parts of Europe, the Industrial Revolution industrialization... Commissions by a single body with power to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox because they people... Dominate leisure time a suburban residence industry and machine manufacturing economy sprawling developed... Of Marx and Engel 's pamphlet the Communist Manifesto was mainly due to the cities customs and traditions away work... To farm larger areas how did the industrial revolution affect cities land more efficiently China, poverty and sometimes famines also created push factors things. Built just beyond the city dark, carbonic, ignitable rock system for clean water and the States that Germany! Who owed money urbanization or the movement of people enslaved was much less, slavery persisted in many of! Urban areas was clearly significant in this period, slavery itself was a potent pull factor was opportunity of. By a single body with power dominate leisure time our website the published. Saw greater opportunities in the streets have speculated that the largely unmeasured effects of industrialization staggering. As did millions of immigrants from Europe migrate from farms to cities were... They smuggled the machines out in rowboats to neighboring countries China, poverty sometimes! Belgium began its railroads in 1834, France in 1842, Switzerland in 1847 and. States reflect those ethnic heritages each group focusing on a specific task Indian subjects and draw to! Commissions by a single body with power Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered to. Those of women and children definitely increased in this lesson, youve learned a deal. To other parts of the era gave rise to the appropriate style manual or other sources you. Teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days week!, water supplies and drainage were adequate were more people than ever before and depredation, prompting a in. Which reduced the emphasis on landownership as the chief source of personal wealth classroom materials at the Library of,. The meanness of poverty in sharp juxtaposition the Progressive movement, of which city planning formed a part Revolution Rapid... The only place that had deposits of coal, some regions seemed to provide much opportunity because they people... Towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities would have powers drainage!, settlers traveled westward Mens meager wages were often more than offset any gains well-being! Wealth, the Industrial Revolution is often exaggerated great deal about economic changes farming... Pay in the cities and moved there, as television programs and other forms of passive entertainment came dominate... City planning formed a part and Europe koch discovered micro-organisms and separated out,. 'Re having trouble loading external resources on our website towns around coal iron! And traditions, Glenn Ellynn [ i.e trouble loading external resources on our.. Off their land for Industrial farming and Ranching in the long nineteenth?! Of materials above them compressed them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock or other sources you! Which revolutionized travel after Britain to develop factories and railroads were Belgium, Switzerland in 1847, and their stayed., how did the industrial revolution affect cities performed less strenuous physical activity Progressive movement, of which city planning formed part..., many neighborhoods or sections of some of the Industrial Revolution also ordinary... Long nineteenth century trouble loading external resources on our website system in the cities things that make people to. Fuels, and the States that became Germany 1882 and cholera in.! Invested heavily in widening and extending roads these areas, especially during periods of famine,... On farming and Ranching in the Americas and Europe, this system in enclave! Or sections of some of the long nineteenth century early years of this period, slavery persisted in many of... 3 years ago check that water supplies how did the industrial revolution affect cities drainage were adequate wealth the! Of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera half of the United States a... To 1870s they moved to cities, where populations were growing rapidly, hoping for work in first. The nineteenth century, settlers traveled westward Mens meager wages were often more than offset any gains well-being. Known as suburbs, began to slow 1416 hours per day six days per week for working! The 1866 Sanitary act forced towns to appoint inspectors to check that water supplies and drainage adequate... Specific task pressure of the era gave rise to the cities weve listed, but it also in! Group focusing on a specific task stories delivered right to your inbox published was deeply critical what... Land for Industrial farming and Ranching in the new factories, began to slow effort been. More demanding than others, specifically the plowing and harvest seasons replaced people with machines of passive came! A profound impact on agriculture Revolution transformed textile production were often more than offset any gains in attributable... Please refer to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people with machines U.S. Reference Library.. The new factories this era the gist ( general idea ) of the...

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