[145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Too Much Power. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Source by babeltravel. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Some have been in power for decades, such as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial New Guinea. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" List Of Dictatorship Countries & Countries Ruled by Dictator - Ranker (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. There's no room for opposition or . Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Top 10 Worst Dictators In The World In 2023 - TopTen Famous Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. [1] Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. 1. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world - Yahoo! The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. He all but eradicated corruption. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Chad. [1]:68. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. List of dictatorship countries? - Answers [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com 1. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. Dictatorship: What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . [128]. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. 3. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship.

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