The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient - Amazon 925, Yaln, Serdar. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Idem, Materials and Studies for Kassite History, 1: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty, Chicago, 1986. It was located near the Euphrates River . The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. Kassites are recorded in Nuzi during the 15th century BCE (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. Omissions? It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. 257 ff. W. Eilers, rev. What are the Kassites known for? - All Famous Faqs The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . C. Edens, On the Complexity of Complex Societies: Structure, Power, and Legitimation in Kassite Babylonia, in G. Stein and M. S. Rothman eds., Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity, Monographs in World Archaeology 18, Madison, Wis, 1994, pp. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. They are well represented among the great landowners. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. About 200 additional lexical elements can be gained by the analysis of the more numerous anthroponyms, toponyms, theonyms, and horse names used by the Kassites (see Balkan, 1954, passim; Jaritz, 1957 is to be used with caution). Museum, B. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). They ruled for over 400 years. The Early Kassite Period". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The city of Babylon had been a city-state in Mesopotamia for many years. The cities of Ashkelon and Gezer were Philistine territory that werent fully conquered by Israel. Marduk was already the patron deity of the Babylonians before the Kassites arrived, but this God was elevated to the position of supreme god once Babylon became a powerful Mesopotamian territory. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Thank you! [17] This practice continued for several centuries after the end of the Kassite Dynasty. On the whole, it cannot be proven that the Kassites living in Babylonia had an essentially different social organization from that of the Babylonians (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 150). Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. History and Archaeology of the World's Oldest CityBabel/Babylon and The Kissites used their alliances to help repel enemies and to establish a trade. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( short chronology ). [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. that the plagues mentioned in the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible . 409-24. Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. The Kassites strove to be integrated in the culture of the conquered land. The Bible, however, distinguishes the Havilah that serves as one of the boundaries of Ishmaelite territory from all other places named Havilah, with the qualifying phrase "by Shur, which is close to Egypt" (Gen. 25:18). 1465 BCE (Brinkman, 1972, p. 274; Edens 1994, p. 210). Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. 59, no. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. 403-10. However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. ; Sassmannshausen, 2000, pp. J. Eidem, The Shemshra Tablets 2: The Administrative Texts, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 15, Copenhagen, 1982. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. of M. Salvini, The Habiru Prism of King Tunip-Teup of Tikunani, Documenta Asiana: Collana di Studi sullAnatolia e lAsia Anteriore antica diretta da Mirjo Salvini 3, Rome, 1996, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46/47, 1999-2000, pp. 14151155 BCE." J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. In the image below the reasoning behind the test is show. 17-22. Please support World History Encyclopedia. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. BIBLE BATTLES - Military History - Strategy and Tactics - Ancient Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. Nevertheless, some Babylonian cultural influence presumably persisted there. Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. As semi-nomads the Kassites were organized in family and tribal units. Weekly_Study_Questions_4.docx - BIBL 410 WEEKLY STUDY - Course Hero A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. 86 ff.). World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. Web. 131 f.). They reportedly dominated this territory from roughly the twelfth through the tenth centuries B.C.E. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. Kassites held important positions in the state sector as late as Nab-mukn-aplis reign (978-943 BCE). . The Kassite and post-Kassite kings granted land to temples, members of the royal family, and functionaries. I; Chronicles conserning early babylonian Studies in Eastern History, II. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. [19], The ancient city of Nippur was a major focus for the Kassites. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. Selected by Choice as an "Outstanding Academic Book of 1996" and now extensively revised, the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, co-published by Eerdmans and Brill, is the only major reference work describing the gods, angels, demons, spirits, and semidivine heroes found in Scripture.Written by 100 leading experts in the field, the more than 400 alphabetically arranged articles . After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. Once Kassite rulers were finally overthrown, they never regained power. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol. This article is available in print.Vol. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Mid-12th Century. "Ur in the Kassite Period". The Midianites were a biblical people who occupied territory east of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and southward through the desert wilderness of the Arabah. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". The earliest occurrence of an individual with a Kassite name in Babylonia is from Rm-Sn Is 53rd year (1770 BCE). Early Periods, 4. This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. Who were the Kassites in the Bible? - Wisdom-Advices The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that The anonymity of most of the Kassites in late Old Babylonian sources is not greatly remedied by the new occurrences from the unpublished texts evaluated by Richardson (2002, pp. [30] That ruler initiated significant building efforts in Ur and other southern Mesopotamia cities. It is believed that in the ancient city existed the legendary "Hanging Gardens of Babylon," which were terraced gardens of celestial beauty that were maintained by an automated watering mechanism. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. 2014. They introduced war chariots, The Kassites were defeated by the Elamites in 1157 B.C. Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. 1/2, 1981, pp. K. De Graef, Les trangers dans les textes palobabyloniens tardifs de Sippar (Abi-eu-Samsuditana): 1ire partie: Sur les inconnus connus: Cassites, Elamites, Sutens, Suens, Gutens et Subarens, Akkadica 111, 1998, pp. 55, pp. The implication is that whatever pertains to the historical Jesus Christ belongs to the "New" and whatever pertains to the people among whom Jesus grew up belongs to the "Old". 49, no. (Bible Quiz), Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections, Israel Mentioned in Egyptian Inscriptions, 15 Christian Leaders That Make More Money Getting Out Of Bed Than Youll Make All Year, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Neo Babylonian Period [626 - 529 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. Kassite traditions endured mostly in the private and familial spheres (see Heinz, 1995, p. 165). Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". Altorientalische Forschungen (in German) (30): 372381. . [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. (Deuteronomy 4:19 NIV), Joshua said to all the people, This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Long ago your ancestors, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor, lived beyond the Euphrates River and worshiped other gods. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. "The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity". B. Agriculture was in the hands of many dutiable landowners and their agricultural workers as well as tenants. Museum, British. The office of the governor was secular, but he could also serve as the high priest of the Enlil temple (Ekur) of Nippur. 8, line 46; 9, 41). They date the fall of Babylon to ca. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. 32731, Horowitz, W., Reeves, S., Stillman, L., White, M., & Zilberg, P. (2015). At the peak of their power the Kassites, under Kurigalzu I in the mid 14h century BC, conquered Elam and sacked the capital of Susa. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. The commonly held opinion that they originated from the Zagros mountains east of Babylonia (see, e.g., Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Heinz, 1995, p. 167) is based on the assumption that their geographical distribution before they took over the Babylonian alluvium was the same as their distribution after the demise of the Kassite rule in Babylonia. Leiden: BRILL. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. Just Genesis : Who Were the Kushites? - Blogger The Kassite kings appear to have been members of a small military aristocracy but were apparently efficient rulers and not locally unpopular. Balkan, 1954, p. 109). Balkan (1986, pp. The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595-1155 B.C.) in 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. "17. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? Wikimedia The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. 10 f., is cautious and allows for the alternative Ka-a-i-i Bi-ma-ti-i, thereby keeping Bimat apart from the Kassites). The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. H. H. Paper, rev. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Kassite period. Download Free PDF View PDF. 1499 BCE. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. Kassite period, 14th century BCE. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. Ancient Babylon, the iconic Mesopotamian city that survived for 2,000 The opinion of W. Eilers (1957-58, pp. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. 17793, Roaf, Michael. Kish in the Kassite Period (c. 1650-1150 B.C. West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat The Biblical Archaeologist , Vol. Why are Genesis 10 and 11 "significant" chapters?

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